UkuLoba iDownhole Debris kunye noNyango lweNgozi yokuGwaba

1.Downhole inkunkuma Ukuloba

1.1Uhlobo lokuwa komngxuma

Ngokwegama kunye nohlobo lwezinto eziwayo, iintlobo zezinto eziwayo kumgodi ikakhulu: izinto eziwa umbhobho, intonga ewayo, izinto eziwa intambo kunye nezinto ezincinci eziwayo.

1.2.Pizinto eziwayo

Ngaphambi kokuloba, i-data esisiseko ye-oyile kunye namanzi Wells kufuneka iqhutywe kuqala, oko kukuthi, ulwazi lokugaya kunye nokuveliswa kweoli kufuneka luqondwe ngokucacileyo, isakhiwo somthombo, imeko ye-casing, kunye nokuba kukho into yokuwa kwangaphambili. Okwesibini, fumana unobangela wezinto eziwayo, nokuba kukho i-deformation kunye nomphezulu wesanti ongcwatywe emva kokuwela equleni. Bala umthwalo omkhulu onokuthi uphunyezwe xa uloba, qinisa i-derrick kunye nendoda intambo yentambo. Kufuneka kwakhona kuthathelwe ingqalelo ukuba emva kokubamba izinto eziwileyo, ukuba ikhadi elingaphantsi komhlaba kufuneka libe nemilinganiselo yokuthintela kunye noxolelaniso.

Izixhobo zokuloba eziqhelekileyo : Die collars, taper taper, Spear, Slip Overshot njalo njalo.

Inkqubo yokuloba:

⑴Undwendwelo olusezantsi lweebhloko zoMboniso UKUQAPHELA indawo kunye nokumila kwezinto eziwayo.

⑵Ngokwemeko yezinto eziwayo kunye nobukhulu besithuba se-Annular phakathi kwezinto eziwayo kunye ne-casing, khetha izixhobo ezifanelekileyo zokuloba okanye uyilo kwaye wenze izixhobo zokuloba wedwa.

⑶Lungisa uyilo lolwakhiwo kunye nemilinganiselo yokhuseleko, kwaye emva kokuvunywa kwamasebe afanelekileyo ngokuhambelana neenkqubo zokunika ingxelo, unyango lokuloba luya kwenziwa ngokoyilo lolwakhiwo, kwaye imizobo yokuzoba iya kuzotywa izixhobo zokuhlisa umngxuma.

⑷ Umsebenzi wokuloba kufuneka ube mpuluswa.

⑸Hlalutya izinto eziLotyiweyo kwaye ubhale isishwankathelo.

1.3.Rizinto eziwayo

Uninzi lwezi ziwa ziindidi zentonga, kwaye kukho neentsimbi zobunzima kunye neemitha. Ezinye zawela kwi-casing, ezinye zawela kwi-tubing.

⑴Ukuloba kwityhubhu

Kulula ukuloba intonga eyaphukileyo kwityhubhu, njengokuba intonga inokutsalwa phantsi xa intonga ikhutshiwe kwintambo okanye igubu elityibilizayo lokuloba, ukuba alilotywanga, unokwenza umsebenzi wokutyhaphaza. .

⑵Ukuloba kwi-casing

Ukuloba kwe-Casing kuyinkimbinkimbi ngakumbi, kuba ububanzi be-casing bukhulu, intonga iyancipha, intsimbi incinci, ilula ukugoba, ilula ukuyikhupha, kwaye ukumila kokuwa kakuhle kuyinkimbinkimbi. Xa uloba, unokulotywa ngokuphakamisa i-hook guide shoe slip overshot okanye i-loose-blade yokuloba isixhobo. Xa into ewayo igobile kwi-casing, inokufunyanwa nge-hook yokuloba. Xa ubutyobo budityanisiwe emngxunyeni yaye bungenakufunyanwa kwakhona, bugutyungelwa ngesigubungelo esinemikhono okanye ilitye lokusila izihlangu, yaye inkunkuma ibuyiswa ngesixhobo sokubamba imagnethi.

1.4.Ukuloba amaqhekeza amancinci

Kukho iintlobo ezininzi zeeqhekeza ezincinci eziwayo, ezifana neebhola zentsimbi, iipliers, iicones, izikrufu njalo njalo. Inkunkuma enjalo incinci kodwa kunzima kakhulu ukuyibuyisela. Izixhobo eziphambili zokuloba amaqhekeza amancinci sisixhobo sokuloba imagnethi, ukubamba, ibhaskithi yokuloba ejikelezayo kunye nokunye.

2.UNyango lweNgozi yokuGwaba eStuck

Zininzi izizathu zokugrumba okuxingileyo, ngoko ke kukho iintlobo ezininzi zokomba okuxingayo. Isanti eqhelekileyo iNxingile, iwax exingileyo, into ewayo ixingekile, i-casing deformation ixingile, ukuqina kwesamente kuxinge, njalo njalo.

2.1.Unyango oluxinyiweyo lweSanti

Ukuba ixesha lokuncamathela lesixhobo alikho lide okanye ijem yesanti ayinzima, umtya wombhobho unokunyuselwa phezulu naphantsi ukuze ukhulule isanti kwaye ukhulule ingozi yejam yokomba.

Kunyango lwesanti enzulu waxinga Wells, okokuqala, umthwalo kwandiswe kancinci xa umthwalo ufikelela ixabiso elithile, kwaye umthwalo ngoko nangoko wehliswe kwaye ngokukhawuleza ukothula. Okwesibini, emva kwexesha lemisebenzi ephezulu kunye nezantsi, umtya wombhobho uqiniswe ukuyeka, ukwenzela ukuba umtya wombhobho unqunyanyiswe ixesha elithile phantsi kwemeko yokwelula, ukwenzela ukuba ukunyanzeliswa kusasazeka ngokuthe ngcembe kwintambo yombhobho ongaphantsi. Zombini iifom zinokusebenza, kodwa umsebenzi ngamnye kufuneka umiswe kwi-5 ukuya kwi-10min ixesha elithile ukukhusela umtya ekudinweni kunye nokuphuka.

Ukuncamathelwa kwesanti kunokunyangwa ngeendlela zokucinezela umva wokujikeleza, ukukhutshwa kombhobho wokuhlamba, ukukhutshwa okuqinileyo, ukukhutshwa kwejack, ukukhululwa kwe-casing milling, njalo njalo.

2.2.Ukuwa into encamathela unyango

Ukuncamathela kwento ewayo kuthetha ukuba amazinyo eplier, amazinyo atyibilikayo, ezinye izixhobo ezincinci ziwela equleni kwaye zixinge, nto leyo ekhokelela ekugrunjweni okuxingekileyo.

Ukujongana nezinto eziwayo ezibambekayo, musa ukuphakamisa ngamandla, ukuze uthintele ukuxinga, kubangele iingxaki. Zimbini iindlela zonyango jikelele: Ukuba umtya obambekileyo unokujikwa, unokuphakanyiswa ngobunono kwaye ujikwe kancinane. Izinto eziwa phantsi zityunyuziwe ukwenza umtya wombhobho ongaphantsi komhlaba ungaphumi; Ukuba le ndlela ingentla ayisebenzi, ihuku eludongeni ingasetyenziselwa ukulungisa umphezulu wentlanzi, kwaye emva koko Ulobe kwakhona ithontsi.

2.3.Susa i-casing ebambekile

Ngenxa yokunyuka kwamanyathelo emveliso okanye ezinye izizathu, i-casing ikhubazekile okanye yonakalisiwe, kwaye isixhobo somngxuma wezantsi sithotywa ngempazamo phezu kwendawo eyonakeleyo, okukhokelela ekugrunjweni okuxingileyo. Ngethuba lokucubungula, ikholomu yombhobho ngaphezu kwendawo yokubambelela kufuneka isuswe kwaye isigxina sinokukhutshwa kuphela emva kokuba i-casing ilungiswe.