Ukuqulunqwa kunye nomsebenzi wokwakhiwa kwequla

Ukuqulunqwa kolwakhiwo lwequla:

1.Umqhubi

I-casing yokuqala kwisakhiwo somthombo kufuphi nodonga lomngxuma ovulekileyo kuthiwa yi-conduit. imisebenzi: ukukhusela umphezulu kufuphi nentloko yomthombo ekuhlanjweni ekuqaleni kokugaya, ukuseka ukujikeleza kodaka, ukukhokela isixhobo sokubhoboza, ukuqinisekisa ukugrumba ngokuthe nkqo komngxuma, njl.

2. Isingxobo somphezulu

I-casing yesibini kwisakhiwo somthombo ibizwa ngokuba yi-surface casing. Umsebenzi kukutywina umaleko wamanzi, ukuqinisa udonga lwelitye eliphezulu elikhululekile, ukukhusela umngxuma kunye nokufaka ipakethe.

3. Isingxobo sobugcisa

Umaleko we-casing ofakwe ngaphakathi kwi-surface casing ibizwa ngokuba yi-technical casing. Umsebenzi kukukhusela kunye nokutywina ukubunjwa okunzima kunye nokuntsonkotha ngaphezu kwendawo yokugcina amanzi ukuqinisekisa ukugrumba kakuhle.

4. I-oyile layer casing

Umaleko wokugqibela wengxowa ye-oyile ubizwa ngokuba yi-oyile layer casing, ekubhekiselwa kuyo njenge-casing. Umsebenzi wokomeleza udonga lomthombo we-oyile, ukuvala i-oyile, irhasi kunye neengqimba zamanzi, kunye nokuqinisekisa ukuveliswa kwe-oyile ixesha elide.

5. Ukufaka isamente

I-cementing yinkqubo apho i-sement slurry ifakwe kwisithuba sonyaka phakathi kwe-casing kunye nodonga lomthombo. Umsebenzi wayo kukuqinisa udonga lomthombo, ukukhusela i-casing, kunye nokutywinwa kweoli nganye, igesi kunye nomgangatho wamanzi equleni ukuze bangadibanisi omnye nomnye.

6. Isingxobo sesamente

Emva kokugqiba zonke iintlobo ze-casing kunye ne-cementing, i-cylinder ye-cement cylinder yenziwa kwindawo ye-annular phakathi kwe-casing kunye ne-well wall, ebizwa ngokuba yi-cementing cement ring. Umsebenzi wayo kukutywina ukubunjwa, ukuqinisa udonga lomthombo kunye nokukhusela i-casing.

7. Master bushing

Kwi-rotary drilling, inxalenye yombhobho we-kelly ixinge kumbindi we-turntable ejikelezisa izixhobo ze-downhole.

8. Gqibezela ubunzulu bokomba

Ubunzulu bokomba obugqityiweyo bubhekiselele kumphakamo ukusuka ezantsi komngxuma ovulekileyo ukuya kumphezulu webushing surface yetafile ejikelezayo.

9. Ubunzulu beCasing

Ubunzulu be-Casing bubhekisela kubunzulu phakathi kwendawo ephezulu yetafile ejikelezayo kunye nendawo yesihlangu se-casing yokwakheka kweoli.

10. Umzantsi wequla owenziweyo

Umphezulu wequla leoli elihlala kwi-casing emva kokuba i-samente ibekwe kwinqanaba elisezantsi le-casing. Ubunzulu bomngxuma owenziweyo obungenziweyo bubonakaliswa bubunzulu bomgama ukusuka kwindawo ephezulu yetafile ejikelezayo ukuya kumngxuma ongezantsi owenziweyo.

11. Imbuyekezo yesamente ephezulu

Ukuphakama kwesamente kubuya kwindawo ye-annular phakathi kwe-casing kunye ne-wellbore. Ubunzulu bokubuyiswa kwe-samente bulingana nomgama phakathi kwendawo ephezulu ye-turntable kunye ne-sement surface yendawo ye-annular.

12. Iplagi yesamente

Emva kokumisa i-cementing, ikholamu ye-samente ukusuka ezantsi kwe-drilled well to the bottom of artificial well yiplagi yesamente.