Top ezilishumi izixhobo zokugqibezela kakuhle

Iindidi zezixhobo ze-downhole eziqhelekileyo ezisetyenziselwa ukugqitywa kweoli ye-offshore kunye neentambo zokuvelisa ziquka: I-Packer, i-SSSV, i-Sliding Sleev, (i-Nipple), i-Side Pocket Mandrel, i-Nipple yokuHlala, i-Flow Coupling, i-Blast joint, i-Valve yoVavanyo, i-Valve yokukhupha, i-Mandrel, i-Plug , njl.

1.Packers

Umpakishi sesinye sezona zixhobo zibaluleke kakhulu kwi-downhole kumtya wemveliso, kwaye imisebenzi yayo ephambili yile ilandelayo:

Ukwahlula iileya zokuvelisa ukuthintela ukudibana kunye nokuphazamiseka kolwelo kunye noxinzelelo phakathi kweeleya;

Ukwahlula ulwelo olubulalayo kunye nolwelo lwemveliso;

Ukuhlangabezana neemfuno ezahlukeneyo zemveliso yeoli (igesi) kunye nokusebenza komsebenzi;

Gcina i-packer fluid kwi-casing annulus ukukhusela i-casing kunye nokuqinisekisa imveliso ekhuselekileyo.

Iipakethi ezisetyenziselwa ukugqitywa kwe-oyile ye-offshore (igesi) zingahlulwa zibe ziindidi ezimbini: ezibuyiswayo kunye nesigxina, kwaye ngokwendlela yokumisela, zinokwahlulwa zibe yi-hydraulic setting, i-mechanical setting kunye ne-cable setting. Abapakisheli banokuhlulwa kwiindidi ezininzi, kwaye ukhetho olufanelekileyo kufuneka lwenziwe ngokweemfuno zangempela zemveliso. Ezona ndawo zibalulekileyo zompakishi ziziliphu kunye nerubha, kwaye abanye abapakishi abanazo iziliphu (abapakishi bamaqula avulekileyo). Kukho iintlobo ezininzi zeepakethi, umsebenzi oyintloko wenkxaso phakathi kwe-slips kunye ne-casing kunye nokutywinwa phakathi kwe-slips kunye ne-casing ukutywina indawo ethile.

2.Ivalve yokhuseleko esezantsi

Ivalve yokhuseleko lomngxuma osezantsi sisixhobo sokulawula ukuhamba okungaqhelekanga kolwelo equleni, okufana nomlilo kwiqonga lokuvelisa i-oyile kude nonxweme, ukugqabhuka kwemibhobho, ukuvuthuza kwamanzi, ngaphandle kolawulo lwequla leoli elibangelwa yinyikima, njl. ivalve yokhuseleko lomngxuma ezantsi inokuvalwa ngokuzenzekelayo ukuqonda ulawulo lokuhamba kolwelo equleni.

1) Ukuhlelwa kweevalvu zokhuseleko:

• Ivalve yokhuseleko yocingo lwentsimbi ebuyiselwayo
• Umbhobho weoyile ivelufa yokhuseleko ephathwayo
• Ivalve yokhuseleko ye-casing annulus Esona sivalo sixhaphakileyo sokhuseleko yityhubhu ephathwayo yokhuseleko ivelufa

2) Umgaqo-nkqubo wesenzo

Icinezelwe emhlabeni, ioyile yehydraulic igqithiselwa kumngxunya wokuhambisa uxinzelelo kwipiston ngombhobho wolawulo loxinzelelo lwehydraulic, ukutyhala ipiston phantsi kunye nokucinezela intwasahlobo, kwaye ivalve yeflap iyavulwa. Ukuba uxinzelelo lolawulo lwe-hydraulic lugcinwe, i-valve yokhuseleko ikwimeko evulekileyo; ukukhululwa Uxinzelelo lomgca wolawulo lwe-hydraulic lutyhalelwa phezulu luxinzelelo lwasentwasahlobo ukuhambisa ipiston phezulu, kwaye ipleyiti yevalve ikwimo evaliweyo.

3.Ukutyibilika umkhono

I-1) Umkhono we-sliding unokuvala okanye udibanise uxhulumaniso phakathi komtya wokuvelisa kunye nesithuba se-annular ngokusebenzisa intsebenziswano phakathi kwemikhono yangaphakathi nangaphandle. Imisebenzi yayo ephambili yile ilandelayo:

• Ukukhuthaza ukuvuthela emva kokugqitywa komthombo;
• Ukubulala ukujikeleza;
• Ukunyuswa kwegesi
• Impompo yejet yokuhlala
• Amaqula amaninzi anomaleko angasetyenziselwa imveliso eyahlukileyo, uvavanyo lwelayile, inaliti enemaleko, njl.;
• Ukumbiwa kwemigodi exutywe ngamanqwanqwa amaninzi;
• Qhuba iplagi equleni ukuvala iqula okanye ukuvavanya uxinzelelo lwetyhubhu;
• Ukujikeleza i-agent ye-anticorrosion yeekhemikhali, njl.

2) Umgaqo wokusebenza

Umkhono we-sliding uvala okanye udibanisa i-paseji phakathi kwepayipi yeoli kunye nesithuba sonyaka ngokuhambisa umkhono wangaphakathi. Xa umjelo womkhono wangaphakathi ujongene nokuhamba komzimba wesilayidi, i-slideway ikwimeko evulekileyo. Xa ezi zimbini zigxadazile, umkhono wokutyibilika uvaliwe. Kukho i-cylinder esebenzayo kwindawo ephezulu ye-sleeve ye-sliding, esetyenziselwa ukulungisa isixhobo sokulawula ukuhamba kwe-downhole ehambelana nomkhono we-sliding. Kukho indawo yokuvala isiphelo sokutywinwa kumacala angaphezulu nangaphantsi komkhono wangaphakathi, onokusebenzisana nokupakishwa kokutywinwa kwesixhobo somngxuma osezantsi sokutywinwa. Qhagamshela isixhobo sokutshintsha umkhono wokutyibilika phantsi komtya wesixhobo esisisiseko, kwaye wenze umsebenzi wocingo lwentsimbi. Umkhono wokutyibilika unokuvulwa kwaye ucime. Abanye babo bafuna ukothuka ezantsi ukuhambisa umkhono ezantsi ukuze uvule umkhono wokutyibilika, ngelixa abanye kufuneka bothuke unyukele phezulu ukwenza ingaphakathi Umkhono uye phezulu ukuze uvule umkhono wesilayidi.

4.Ingono

1) Ukuhlelwa kunye nokusetyenziswa kweNipple esebenzayo

Ukuhlelwa Kweingono:

(1) Ngokwendlela yokubeka: kukho iintlobo ezintathu: i-selictivity, i-Top NO-GO kunye ne-Ezantsi HAYI-GO, njengoko kubonisiwe kwiMifanekiso a, b, kunye no-c.

Ezinye mandrels unokuba zombini uhlobo ozikhethelayo kunye stop phezulu (njengoko kubonisiwe kwi Figure b). Okubizwa ngokuba uhlobo ozikhethelayo kuthetha ukuba ububanzi yangaphakathi mandrel akukho inxalenye ukunciphisa ububanzi, kwaye ubungakanani obufanayo isixhobo ehleliyo unokudlula kuyo, ngoko ke mandrels ezininzi zobukhulu obufanayo zinokuthotywa kumtya wombhobho omnye, kwaye umphezulu wokumisa kuthetha ukuba i-diameter yangaphakathi ye-mandrel etywiniweyo yi-top of stopper enenyathelo elishukumayo kwindawo encitshisiweyo yedayamitha esebenza phezulu, ngelixa i-diameter ecuthiweyo inxalenye yesivalo esisezantsi isezantsi, icandelo lokutywina iplagi ayikwazi ukudlula, kwaye isivalo esisezantsi sifakwe ngokubanzi ezantsi komtya wombhobho ofanayo. Njengesixhobo sokuxhoma kunye nokuthintela imitya yesixhobo socingo ekuweleni emazantsi equla.

(2) Ngokutsho kwengcinezelo yokusebenza: kukho uxinzelelo oluqhelekileyo kunye noxinzelelo oluphezulu, i-yangaphambili isetyenziselwa amaqula aqhelekileyo, kwaye le yokugqibela isetyenziselwa i-oyile ephezulu kunye negesi yegesi.

Ukusetyenziswa kweNipples:

• Hlala kwi-jammer.
• Hlala phantsi phantsi ukuze ulawule ngokuzenzekelayo ivalve yokhuseleko.
• Hlala kwivalve yokukhangela.

Baleka kwisixhobo sokunceda (umbhobho wokuminxa) ukunciphisa uxinzelelo lwentloko.

• Sebenzisana neNipple epholishiweyo, faka umkhono wokwahlula okanye i-pup joint, lungisa umbhobho we-oyile owonakalisiweyo okanye umbhobho ojiyileyo kufutshane ne-oyile.
• Hlala kwaye uxhome izixhobo zokulinganisa ezantsi kumngxuma.
• Inokuthintela umtya wesixhobo ukuba ungaweli ngaphantsi kwequla ngexesha lokusebenza kwe-wireline.

5. Side Pocket Mandrel

1) Isakhiwo esisebenzayo

I-Side Pocket Mandrel yenye yezona zixhobo ezibalulekileyo zomngxuma wokuhla ukuze kugqitywe kakuhle. Idityaniswe neevalvu ezahlukeneyo zokuphakamisa igesi ukuqonda iindlela ezahlukeneyo zokunyusa igesi, sebenzisa imilomo yamanzi yobukhulu obahlukeneyo, kunye nokuqaphela inaliti eyakhiweyo. Isakhiwo salo siboniswe kumfanekiso, sineenxalenye ezimbini, umbhobho wesiseko kunye ne-cylinder eccentric, ubungakanani bombhobho wesiseko bufana nobombhobho we-oyile, inxalenye ephezulu inomkhono wokumisa, kunye ne-cylinder eccentric inombhobho we-oyile. intloko yokuchonga isixhobo, i-groove yokuvala, i-cylinder yokutywina kunye nomngxuma wonxibelelwano wangaphandle.

2) Iimpawu zeSide Pocket Mandrel:

Ukubekwa kwindawo: Yenza zonke iintlobo zezixhobo zomngxuma osezantsi zibe zi-eccentric kwaye uziqhelanise ngokuchanekileyo kwi-eccentric barrel.

Ukuqaphela: Izixhobo ze-Downhole zobukhulu obuchanekileyo ziqhutyelwa ngokungqongqo kwi-barrel eccentric, ngelixa ezinye izixhobo zobukhulu obukhulu zidlula kumbhobho wesiseko.

Uxinzelelo olukhulu lovavanyo luvumelekile.

2) Umsebenzi we-Side Pocket Mandrel: ukunyuswa kwegesi, i-agent ye-chemical injection, i-injection yamanzi, ukubulawa kokujikeleza, njl.

6. Iplagi

Xa kungabikho i-valve yokukhusela i-downhole okanye i-valve yokukhusela iyahluleka, ucingo lwensimbi lusebenza, kwaye iplagi yobukhulu obuhambelanayo ithotywe kwi-cylinder yokusebenza ukuvala iqula. Uvavanyo loxinzelelo lwetyhubhu kunye nokusetwa kweepakethe zehydraulic ngexesha lokugqitywa komthombo okanye imisebenzi yokusebenza.

7. Ivalve yokuphakamisa igesi

Ivalve yokunyusela igesi ithotywa kwi-eccentric working cylinder, enokuqonda iindlela ezahlukeneyo zokuvelisa igesi, ezifana nokunyuswa kwerhasi okuqhubekayo okanye ukunyuswa kwerhasi okwethutyana.

8.I-coping ehambayo

I-flow coupping eneneni ngumbhobho ojiyileyo, ongaphakathi kwawo umlinganiselo ofanayo nalowo wombhobho we-oyile, kodwa i-diameter yangaphandle ingaphezulu kancinane, kwaye idla ngokusetyenziselwa iziphelo eziphezulu nezisezantsi zevalve yokhuseleko. Kwimithombo ephezulu yeoli kunye negesi, imithombo yeoli enemveliso jikelele ingakhetha ukusebenzisa okanye hayi. Xa igesi yeoli enemveliso ephezulu ihamba ngevalve yokhuseleko, iya kubangela i-throttling ngenxa yokunciphisa ububanzi, okukhokelela kukhukuliseko lwangoku lwe-eddy kunye nokuguga kwiindawo eziphezulu kunye nezisezantsi.

9.Ivalve ye-Oil Drain

I-valve yokukhupha i-oyile ifakwe ngokubanzi kwimibhobho yeoli ye-1-2 ngaphezu kwevalve yokutshekisha. Yindawo yokukhupha i-fluid kumbhobho we-oyile xa umsebenzi wokuhlolwa kwempompo uphakanyiselwa phezulu, ukuze kuncitshiswe umthwalo we-workover rig kunye nokuthintela ulwelo lomthombo ekungcoliseni umgangatho weqonga kunye nokusingqongileyo. Ngoku kukho iindidi ezimbini zeevalvu zombhobho we-oyile: idreyini yokujula intonga kunye nedreyini yokujula ngebhola. Eyangaphambili ifaneleke ngakumbi kwioli encinci kunye nemithombo yeoli enzima kunye nokunqunyulwa kwamanzi aphezulu; le yokugqibela isetyenziselwa imithombo yeoli enzima ngokunqunyulwa kwamanzi aphantsi kwaye inezinga eliphezulu lempumelelo.

10.I-Pipe scraper

I-1) Injongo: Isetyenziselwa ukususa ibhloko yesamente, i-samente sheath, i-wax enzima, iikristale ezahlukeneyo zetyuwa okanye iidiphozithi, i-perforation burrs kunye ne-iron oxide kunye nolunye ukungcola okusele kudonga lwangaphakathi lwe-casing, kunye nokufikelela okungathintelekiyo kwizixhobo ezahlukeneyo zokulahla. Ngokukodwa xa isithuba se-annular phakathi kwesixhobo se-downhole kunye nobubanzi bangaphakathi be-casing buncinci, isinyathelo esilandelayo sokwakha kufuneka siqhutywe emva kokukhuhla okwaneleyo.

2) Isakhiwo: Iqulunqwe ngumzimba, ipleyiti yemela, ibhloko esisigxina, ibhloko yokucinezela kunye nezinye iindawo.

3) Umgaqo osebenzayo: ngaphambi kokungena emthonjeni, ubungakanani obukhulu bokufakelwa kweqhekeza elikhulu le-scraper likhulu kunobubanzi obungaphakathi be-casing. Emva kokungena equleni, i-blade iphoqeleka ukuba icinezele ezantsi entwasahlobo, kwaye intwasahlobo ibonelela ngamandla okutya kweradial. Xa ukhuhla izinto ezilukhuni, kuthatha imikrwelo emininzi ukukrazula kwi-diameter yangaphakathi ye-casing. I-scraper idibene nesiphelo esisezantsi somtya wombhobho we-downhole, kwaye ukunyuka kunye nokuhla kwentshukumo yomtya wombhobho kukutya kwe-axial ngexesha lenkqubo yokuxhoma.

Inokubonwa kwisakhiwo sencakuba ukuba iblade nganye ejiyileyo ineencam ezimbini zokusika ezimile okwearc ngaphakathi nangaphandle. Umphumo wokugaya. Amagqabi abunjwe ngomgca asasazwa ngokulinganayo kumphezulu we-scraper ngokomgca we-helical wasekhohlo, onenzuzo kudaka oluphezulu olubuyisela ukukhupha inkunkuma ekhutshiweyo.