Izixhobo zeWellhead

Ivalvu yebhabhathane, ekwaziwa ngokuba yivalvu yeflap, luhlobo lwevalvu elawulayo esetyenziswa kakhulu kumashishini ahlukeneyo ukulawula ukuhamba kolwelo. Iqulathe izinto ezibalulekileyo ezininzi, kuquka umzimba wevalvu, isiqu sevalvu, ipleyiti yebhabhathane, kunye neringi yokutywina. Ezi zinto zisebenza kunye ukuqinisekisa ukusebenza kakuhle nangokuchanekileyo kwevalvu.

Isetyenziswa kakhulu kwiinkqubo zokuvelisa ioyile yokuphakamisa eyenziweyo ukulawula ngempumelelo uxinzelelo lwangaphakathi lwe-wellbore kunye nokuthintela ukuqhushumba.
Isixhobo sokuthintela ukuqhushumba kwentonga yokufutha esixhotyiswe ngeenkunzi ezikhethekileyo sinokubamba intambo yombhobho, sivale isithuba esiphakathi kombhobho kunye nentloko yomthombo, kwaye simelane nobunzima kunye nokujikeleza kombhobho wombhobho ongaphantsi komhlaba.

Iiflange zisetyenziselwa kakhulu ukudibanisa izixhobo zentloko yemithombo. Umthi weKrismesi kunye nezinye izixhobo zokulawula imithombo. Iindidi ezahlukeneyo zeentlobo kuquka iflange yentambo yespool yeflange kunye neFlange engenanto njl.

Ivalvu yokutshiza yinxalenye ephambili yomthi weKrisimesi kwaye yenzelwe ukulawula imveliso yequla leoyile, izinto zomzimba kunye nezinto zevalvu yokutshiza zihambelana ngokupheleleyo ne-API 6A kunye ne-NACE MR-0175 Standard Specifications, kwaye isetyenziswa kakhulu ekubholeni ipetroliyam elwandle naphesheya kolwandle. Ivalvu yokutshiza isetyenziselwa kakhulu ukulungisa ukuhamba kunye noxinzelelo lwenkqubo ye-manifold; Kukho iintlobo ezimbini zeevalvu zokulawula ukuhamba: ezizinzileyo nezilungisekayo. Iivalvu zokutshiza ezilungisekayo zahlulwe ngohlobo lwenaliti, uhlobo lwesingxobo sekheji yangaphakathi, uhlobo lwesingxobo sekheji yangaphandle kunye nohlobo lwepleyiti ye-orifice ngokwesakhiwo; Ngokwendlela yokusebenza, inokwahlulwa ibe zimbini ngesandla kunye ne-hydraulic. Uqhagamshelo lokugqibela lwevalvu yokutshiza yintambo okanye iFlange, eqhagamshelwe yi-non okanye i-flange. Ivalvu yokutshiza iwela kwi: ivalvu yokutshiza eyi-positive, ivalvu yokutshiza yenaliti, ivalvu yokutshiza elungisekayo, ivalvu yokutshiza yekheji kunye nevalvu yokutshiza ye-orifice, njl.

Iivalvu zesango lodaka zisango eliqinileyo, isiqu esinyukayo, iivalvu zesango ezinezitywino eziqinileyo, ezi valve ziyilwe ngokwemigangatho ye-API 6A. Isetyenziswa kakhulu kudaka, isamente, ukuqhekeka kunye nenkonzo yamanzi kwaye kulula ukuyisebenzisa kwaye kulula ukuyigcina.

Ivalvu yeplagi yinxalenye ebalulekileyo ekusebenzeni ngesamente kunye nokuqhekeka kwiindawo zeoyile kunye nemigodi kunye nolawulo olufanayo lolwelo olunoxinzelelo oluphezulu. Inesakhiwo esincinci, ukulungiswa okulula, i-torque ephantsi, ukuvulwa ngokukhawuleza kunye nokusebenza okulula kangangokuba yeyona valve ifanelekileyo phakathi kwe-manifolds yesamente kunye nokuqhekeka okwangoku. (Amagqabaza: ivalvu inokuvulwa okanye ivalwe ngokulula ngaphantsi kwe-10000psi.)

I-Kill manifold sisixhobo esiyimfuneko sokulawula ukugcwala kwamanzi kunye nokuqhushumba, kunye nokusebenzisa iteknoloji yokulawula uxinzelelo kwimithombo yeoyile negesi.
Ngexesha lenkqubo yokugrumba imithombo yeoyile negesi, xa ulwelo lokugrumba olukwindawo yomthombo lungcoliswe lulwelo lokwakheka, ibhalansi phakathi koxinzelelo lwekholamu yolwelo olungashukumiyo lolwelo lokugrumba kunye noxinzelelo lokwakheka luya kuphazamiseka, nto leyo ekhokelela ekuphuphumeni nasekuqhumeni.
Xa kuyimfuneko ukuhambisa ulwelo lokugrumba olungcolisiweyo okanye ukugrumba ngempompo, ukugrumba imithombo yamanzi exutyiweyo ngendlela ehlengahlengisiweyo ukuze kwakhiwe kwakhona olu lwalamano lokulinganisela, kodwa ukujikeleza okuqhelekileyo akunakufikelelwa ngentambo yokugrumba, ulwelo lokugrumba oluhlengahlengisiweyo lunokupompelwa equleni nge-kill manifold ukulawula uxinzelelo lwequla leoyile negesi.

Ivalvu yokukhangela iyilwe kwaye iveliswa ngokupheleleyo ngokweemfuno ze-API 6A 《Iinkcukacha zeZixhobo zeWellhead kunye noMthi weKrismesi》, zingasetyenziswa ngokutshintshana nezixhobo ezihambelanayo ekhaya nakwamanye amazwe ezihambelana ne-API 6A Standard. I-core isebenzisa intsimbi enganyangekiyo ye-sulfide kwaye ingasetyenziswa kwimeko ye-H2S, umzimba wevalvu owenziwe ngentsimbi ye-alloy esebenza kakuhle. Zimbini iintlobo zeevalvu zokujonga ezinikezelwa yi-landrill: Uhlobo lwe-Swing kunye nohlobo lwe-Lift.

Iimbonakalo
1. Uyilo olupheleleyo lususa ngempumelelo ukuhla koxinzelelo kunye nemisinga ye-eddy kwaye lucothisa amasuntswana aqinileyo kulwelo
ukuhlanjwa kweevalvu;
2. Uyilo olulodwa lokutywina, ukuze i-torque yokutshintsha inciphe kakhulu;
3. Kwenziwa izitywino zesinyithi phakathi kwebhonethi kunye nomzimba wevalvu, ipleyiti yevalvu kunye neringi yesihlalo sevalvu;
4. I-welding ye-carbide eqinisiweyo nge-metal sealing spray (overlay), enokumelana nokuguguleka okuhle, ukumelana nokugqwala;
5. Indandatho yesihlalo iqiniswe yipleyiti esisigxina ukugcina uzinzo oluhle;
6. Isiqu sixhotyiswe ngendlela yokutywina eguqulweyo ukuze kube lula ukutshintsha iringi yokutywina isiqu ngoxinzelelo.

I-Choke manifold sisixhobo esifunekayo ukulawula ukukhaba nokusebenzisa itekhnoloji yokulawula uxinzelelo lwemithombo yeoyile negesi. Xa i-blowout preventer ivaliwe, uxinzelelo oluthile lwe-casing lulawulwa ngokuvula nokuvala i-throttle valve ukugcina uxinzelelo lomngxuma osezantsi luphezulu kancinci kunoxinzelelo lokwakheka, ukuze kuthintelwe ulwelo lokwakheka ukuba lungangeni emthonjeni ngakumbi. Ukongeza, i-choke manifold ingasetyenziselwa ukunciphisa uxinzelelo ukuze kufezekiswe ukuvalwa okuthambileyo. Xa uxinzelelo olusemthonjeni lunyuka ukuya kumda othile, lusetyenziselwa ukuvuthela ukukhusela intloko yemithombo. Xa uxinzelelo lomthombo lusanda, ulwelo olusemthonjeni lungakhululwa ukulawula uxinzelelo lwe-casing ngokuvula nokuvala i-throttle valve (elungisekayo ngesandla, ehydraulic kwaye ilungisiwe). Xa uxinzelelo lwe-casing luphezulu kakhulu, lunokuvuthela ngqo nge-valve yesango.