Iindidi ezingama-20 ezahlukeneyo zesimo sokomba kunye nesisombululo 2

11.Ziziphi iingxaki esimele sinikele ingqalelo kuzo xa ubhobhoza kwi-soft strata ephezulu?

(1) Xa ubhobhoza phantsi kobume obuphezulu, i-drill bit kufuneka ikhutshwe, i-Taper Taps kufuneka itshintshwe, kwaye umbhobho wokubhobhoza kufuneka udibaniswe nomngxuma.

(2) Gcina ulwelo olulungileyo kunye nokusebenza kwesanti kulwelo lokomba;

(3) Ukubethelela, ukudlula ubukhulu becala, kunokutsalwa ngokufanelekileyo;

(4) I-Power drilling inqatshelwe ngokungqongqo;

12. Sisiphi isizathu sokungavuli impompo emva kokubhoboza? Indlela yokujongana nayo?

Izizathu zezi:

(1) kukho ukungcola kwisixhobo sokomba okanye izinto eziwela kwibhlokhi yesixhobo sokomba kumngxuma wokugrumba;

(2) ukugrumba phantsi isantya ngokukhawuleza kakhulu, ukugrumba ukusika ulwelo kwisixhobo sokomba, okanye ngenxa yokudilika kodonga lomthombo, umva ombi, ukusika kwisixhobo sokomba, ukuvalela umngxuma wamanzi we-drill bit;

(3) Ikeyiki yodaka eludongeni ingqindilili, kukho inkunkuma eninzi yamatye encanyathiselweyo, kwaye intwana yokomba icinezelwe emngxunyeni wamanzi xa kusonjwa;

(4) ukukhenkceza kwemibhobho yomhlaba okanye izixhobo zokomba ebusika;

(5) Isihluzo sokucoca sivalwe bubumdaka;

(6) ikeyiki yodaka eludongeni ingqindilili okanye udonga luyadilika, i-annulus ayigudi, kwaye ulwelo lokomba alukwazi ukubuyela phezulu;

(7) Ngexesha lokugaya, kukho uxinzelelo olunzima okanye iikholomu ezininzi azibuyi umbane wokugaya, kwaye i-drill bit icinezelwe kwi-cuttings, okubangela ukuvulwa kwempompo;

Unyango: Ukuba ipompo ayivulwanga, kuyimfuneko ukuphelisa izinto zomhlaba kuqala, kwaye emva koko ujongane nokuvalwa kwe-downhole. Ukuba umngxuma wokubhobhoza uvaliwe, isixhobo sokugaya sinokushukunyiswa kakhulu kwaye umngxuma wamanzi unokuvulwa usebenzisa uxinzelelo olunomdla. Ukuba i-annulus ivaliwe, isixhobo se-drill kufuneka sihanjiswe phezulu naphantsi ukuze sirhuqe i-annulus, kwaye ke impompo kufuneka ivulwe ngokucothayo ngokususwa okuncinci. Ukuba i-annulus ayisebenzi, i-drill kufuneka iqalwe ukuvula ipompo kwakhona kwicandelo elivulekileyo lomthombo, kwaye emva koko ukugaya phantsi. Ukuba kufunyaniswe ukuba ukubunjwa kuyavuza, ukugrumba kufuneka kuqalwe ngokukhawuleza, kwaye umpompo akufanele uvulwe phakathi ukukhusela ukubunjwa ekuweni kwaye kubangele ukuxinana.

13.Sisiphi isizathu sokunyuka koxinzelelo lokumpompa ekubhobhozeni? Indlela yokujongana nayo?

Izizathu zezi: Ukudilika komthombo, isixhobo sokugrumba ukuvaleka komngxuma wamanzi, inani elikhulu lenkunkuma yamatye efunjwe kwimingxunya emincinci, uguquko lokusebenza kolwelo, ukukrala kwempandla okanye iblade, ukuxinana kolwelo akufani.

Indlela yoNyango: Ukuba ukudilika kwequla kufuneka kube ngulwelo olujikelezayo lokomba olujikelezileyo, ukugrumba okuphindaphindiweyo, ukuqhubela phambili ibhloko elahlekileyo, ukugrumba uxinzelelo olulula ukubuyisela okuqhelekileyo. Ukuba umbhobho we-drill cuttings ukuqokelela kufuneka kupheliswe ngokujika okanye ukuhambisa umbhobho wokubhobhoza phezulu naphantsi. Ukuba uxinzelelo lwempompo luyaqhubeka nokunyuka, i-drill yokupompa ingamiswa, kwaye ukuqokelela kuya kuphulwa kwaye emva koko umpompo uphume. Ukuba ukusebenza kolwelo lokomba kuyawohloka, ukugrumba kufuneka kuyekwe. Ukuba ubuninzi bezinto azifani, yongeza i-barite kumacandelo okanye ujikeleze impompo enye kwaye udibanise impompo enye kwixinzelelo oluphantsi ukuze wenze okufanayo.

14.Sisiphi isizathu sokuhla kwengcinezelo yokumpompa ekubhobhozeni? Ujongwa njani? Indlela yokujongana nayo?

Uxinzelelo lwempompo lubangela ukuhla, ukumpompa kwamanzi akulunganga, ukuvuza kwemibhobho okanye ukuvuza kwesango, ukugqobhozwa kwesixhobo sokomba kubangele ukujikeleziswa kwesekethe emfutshane, ukugqobhoza komngxuma wokugqobhoza okanye ukuvala umlomo, isixhobo sokomba esaphukileyo, ukuvuza, ukugrumba iqamu lerhasi yolwelo njalo njalo.

Indlela yokuhlola: Okokuqala khangela umhlaba, imeko yokusebenza yepompo, umbhobho. Ingaba isango lihlatyiweyo okanye lijikeleza ngokukhawuleza, ingaba igeyiji yoxinzelelo ichanekile, kwaye ke uqwalasele ukuba isixhobo sokugrumba i-downhole sihlatywe okanye saphukile, nokuba umbhobho ugqabhuke okanye uwile, nokuba kukho ukuvuza.

Indlela yoNyango: Ukulungiswa okungxamisekileyo kufuneka kuququzelelwe ngenxa yezizathu zomhlaba, kunye nokugrumba unyango lwe-fluid defoaming. Emva kokuba isixhobo sokubhoboza okanye i-nozzle ihlatywe, qalisa ukugaya ngokukhawuleza, khangela isixhobo sokubhoboza ngokweenkcukacha, ungasebenzisi i-turntable shackle ngexesha lokugaya, musa ukuqhekeza nzima ukukhusela isixhobo sokubhoboza ukuba singakhubeki kwaye siphuke. Kwimeko yokulahleka, ulwelo lokomba kufuneka luqhutyelwe ngokuqhubekayo ngokukhawuleza.

15.Drilling rotary plate umthwalo ukwanda, susa rotary plate clutch phantsi imoto kutheni? Indlela yokujongana nayo?

Izizathu:

(1) ukubunjwa kokuwa kwe-debris ukuwa (njengokubhobhoza kwiimpazamo, iintanda, ukubunjwa kwendawo yokuphuka, njl.);

(2) I-Dry drill okanye ipakethe yodaka;

(3) i-bit cone ixingile okanye iqhekeza le-scraper;

(4) izinto eziwa kumngxuma;

(5) Umjikelo wesiphaluka omfutshane, ukusika akukwazi ukuphuma;

(6) Umzila wequla eliqondisayo awulungile, ukuthambekela kwequla kukhulu, ukufuduka kukhulu, kwaye umlenze wenja unzima;

Indlela yoNyango: Okokuqala jonga ukuba i-drill bit iyinto eqhelekileyo, ukuba i-drill eyomileyo, ukuphakamisa isixhobo sokubhoboza ngokuphindaphindiweyo ukuphinda kuphakanyiswe, ukongeza, kunye nokujika ukukhanya ukugweba i-drill bit, ukuba umjikelo wesekethe omfutshane kufuneka uqalise ngokukhawuleza u-drill ukukhangela i-drill. isixhobo. Ngokoqikelelo lolwakhiwo, idatha ekufutshane yequla, kunye nokusikwa okubuyisiweyo, indawo kunye nobungakanani bokuwa kwequla ziyacazululwa, kwaye amanyathelo asebenzayo ayathathwa ukuphelisa kunye nokuthintela ukugrunjwa okubambekayo. Ukuba ingxaki ye-trajectory yequla isonjululwe, isixhobo sokugaya singenziwa lula kwaye i-torque ingancitshiswa.

16. Siyintoni isizathu sokutsiba okufumaneka ekwembeni? Indlela yokujongana nayo?

I-skip drilling iyenzeka kwi-cone bit drilling, izizathu zezi:

(1) Ukugrunjwa okudityaniswe negrabile umaleko othambileyo noqinileyo, izidanga ezingalinganiyo;

(2) ukudilika komthombo okanye umngxuma izinto eziwayo;

(3) Itorque egqithisileyo xa usebenzisa umatshini wokubhola izinyo elikhulu;

Indlela yoNyango: Lungisa iiparamitha ukungabandakanyi ukutsiba ukomba, kwaye wenze isigwebo esibanzi ngokwe-lithology yokwakheka, ukuba unyango alusebenzi, kufuneka luthathele ingqalelo into ye-downhole, ukugrumba ukujonga ukunxiba kwesuntswana, kufuneka kuthathe amanyathelo asebenzayo, kwi inkqubo yokuthintela ukugrumba okuxingileyo.

17. Yintoni unobangela wokugqabhuka kancinci? Indlela yokujongana nayo?

(1) I-scraper bit idibana nomhlaba othambileyo kunye nolukhuni wokwakheka;

(2) ubunzima bomzimba womkrazulo mkhulu kakhulu okanye ukomba;

(3) ukugrumba umaleko wegrabile okanye umqolomba wekalika;

(4) Iibhloko zokwakheka okanye izinto eziwa equleni;

(5) udaka lwekhowuni okanye ikhowuni exingileyo;

(6) Yiwise ikhowuni okanye iblade yokukrala;

(7) Ububanzi be-scraper bit buncinci kunobubanzi be-stabilizer emva kokusila;

Unyango: Ukuba isizathu sokwakheka sinokuhlengahlengiswa ukuphelisa ubunzima kwisantya se-bit, ukuba singasebenzi, sinokubangelwa yi-bit okanye into ewayo, kufuneka ibe ukuhlolwa kwe-drilling ukumisela inyathelo elilandelayo.

I-18, ukugrumba kwitsheyini yothumelo eyaphukileyo kufuneka ibe yindlela yokujongana nayo?

(1) Okokuqala, umjikelo kufuneka ugcinwe;

(2)Xa iqula lingekho nzulu, sebenzisa umntu osebenzayo ukujika i-kelly okanye usebenzise i-gas hoist ukutsala itsheyini ejikajikayo ukuhambisa i-drill;

(3)Xa iqula linzulu, inxalenye okanye bonke ubunzima besixhobo sokomba bucinezelwe phantsi, okukhokelela ekugotyweni kwesixhobo sokomba kunye nokunciphisa ithuba lokuncamathela;

(4) Ngokukhawuleza uququzelele abasebenzi ukuba babambe ikhonkco, kwaye emva koko baphakamise isixhobo sokubhobhoza ukujonga iindawo eziqhelekileyo emva kokuphinda kuqhutywe;

19. Sesiphi isizathu sokuba umbhobho ubhijelwe ngombhobho we-kelly xa kusonjwa? Indlela yokujongana nayo?

Isizathu kukuba i-swivel bearing ineengxaki (ezimbi, ukungabikho kwebhotela, njl.) I-disc ye-tube yokugungxula iqinile kakhulu, i-kelly igobile kwaye i-turntable inobukrakra, i-faucet anti-twist intambo ayibotshwanga ngokwemigaqo. , kwaye ikhonkco elikhulu alitshixwanga. Emva kokuba i-hose ijikelezwe kwi-kelly, i-kelly inokutsalwa ngokuphakamisa iipliers, kwaye i-faucet okanye i-kelly inokususwa ukuba ibanjwe kakhulu; Ukuba umbhobho wokugungxula uqine kakhulu kwaye usongelwe kancinci kumbhobho we-kelly, intambo yentambo ingasetyenziselwa ukulungisa itephu kwaye ujike kancinane kangangexesha elithile.

20. Siyintoni isizathu sokuhla kobunzima obujingayo bomnwe ophakathi? Indlela yokujongana nayo?

Isizathu kukuba i-gauge ye-weight gauge imbi okanye umbhobho we-drill waphukile.

Indlela yonyango: qale uphakamise umbhobho wokubhobhoza ukujonga i-gauge sensor yobunzima, nokuba umbhobho wokuhambisa uxinzelelo kunye netafile okanye i-joint i-oyile evuzayo, nokuba iindawo zonakalisiwe, uze uphinde ulungelelanise igeyiji yobunzima. Ukuba itheyibhile yobunzima ilungile, qalisa ngokukhawuleza ukugaya ukujonga isixhobo sokugaya, kwaye wenze isigqibo malunga nendlela yonyango ngokwemeko.