Iintlobo ezingama-20 ezahlukeneyo zemeko yokubhola kunye nesisombululo sesi-2

11. Zeziphi iingxaki ekufuneka siziqwalasele xa sigqobhoza kwi-strata ethambileyo ephezulu?

(1) Xa kugqojozwa phantsi kwendawo engaphezulu, kufuneka kutsalwe i-drill bit, kutshintshwe iiTaper Taps, kwaye umbhobho wokugqobhoza kufuneka uqhagamshelwe emngxunyeni.

(2) Gcina ulwelo lokugrumba luhamba kakuhle kwaye lusebenza kakuhle ekuthwaleni isanti;

(3) Ukubethela, ukupasa ikakhulu, kunokutsalwa ngokufanelekileyo;

(4) Ukubhola umbane akuvumelekanga ngokungqongqo;

12. Yintoni isizathu sokungayivuli ipompo emva kokugrumba? Ungajongana njani nayo?

Izizathu zezi:

(1) kukho ukungcola kwisixhobo sokugrumba okanye izinto eziwela kwisixhobo sokugrumba esivala umngxuma wokugrumba;

(2) isantya sokugrumba sikhawuleza kakhulu, ukugrumba iziqwenga zolwelo kwisixhobo sokugrumba, okanye ngenxa yokuwa kodonga lomthombo, umqolo onzima, iziqwenga kwisixhobo sokugrumba, ukuvala umngxuma wamanzi we-drill bit;

(3) Ikeyiki yodaka eludongeni ityebile, kukho inkunkuma eninzi yamatye enamathele kuyo, kwaye iqhekeza lokugrumba licinezelwa emngxunyeni wamanzi xa kugrunjwa;

(4) ukukhenkcezwa kwemibhobho yomhlaba okanye izixhobo zokugrumba ebusika;

(5) Isihluzi sokubhola sivalwe bubumdaka;

(6) ikeyiki yodaka eludongeni ityebile okanye udonga luyawa, i-annulus ayigudi, kwaye ulwelo lokubhola alukwazi ukubuya phezulu;

(7) Ngexesha lokugrumba, kukho uxinzelelo oluqinileyo okanye iikholamu ezininzi azibuyisi ulwelo lokugrumba, kwaye iqhekeza lokugrumba licinezelwe kwiindawo ezisikiweyo, nto leyo ebangela ukuba ipompo ivuleke;

Unyango: Ukuba ipompo ayivulwanga, kuyimfuneko ukususa izinto ezibangela umhlaba kuqala, uze emva koko ujongane nokuvaleka komngxuma ongaphantsi. Ukuba umngxuma wokumba uvaliwe, isixhobo sokumba singashukunyiswa kakhulu kwaye umngxuma wamanzi ungavulwa kusetyenziswa uxinzelelo oluvuselelweyo. Ukuba i-annulus ivaliwe, isixhobo sokumba kufuneka sishukunyiswe phezulu nasezantsi ukuze kutsalwe i-annulus, kwaye emva koko ipompo kufuneka ivulwe kancinci kancinci. Ukuba i-annulus ayisebenzi, kufuneka iqalwe ukuvula ipompo kwakhona kwicandelo elivulekileyo, uze emva koko uvule ezantsi. Ukuba kufunyaniswe ukuba ukwakheka kuyavuza, kufuneka kuqalwe ngoko nangoko, kwaye ipompo akufuneki ivulwe embindini ukuthintela ukwakheka ukuba kungawi kwaye kubangele ukugrumba okubambekayo.

13. Yintoni isizathu sokonyuka koxinzelelo lokupompa xa kugrunjwa? Ungajongana njani nalo mba?

Izizathu zezi: ukudilika kwequla, ukuvaleka kwemingxunya yamanzi yezixhobo zokumba, inani elikhulu leenkunkuma zamatye eziqokelelene kwimingxunya emincinci, utshintsho ekusebenzeni kolwelo lokumba, i-scraper bit band okanye i-blade isusiwe, ubuninzi bolwelo lokumba alufani.

Indlela yokunyanga: Ukuba umngxuma udilika kufuneka ube lulwelo lokubhola olujikeleza kakhulu, ukubhola okuphindaphindiweyo, ukuqhuba ibhloko elahlekileyo, ukubhola ngoxinzelelo olukhaphukhaphu ukubuyisela imeko eqhelekileyo. Ukuba imibhobho yokubhola iqokelelene ngokujika okanye ukuhambisa umbhobho wokubhola phezulu nasezantsi. Ukuba uxinzelelo lwepompo luyaqhubeka nokunyuka, i-drill yokupompa ingamiswa, kwaye ukuqokelelwa kuya kwaphulwa kwaye emva koko ipompo iphume. Ukuba ukusebenza kolwelo lokubhola kuyehla, ukubhola kufuneka kumiswe. Ukuba uxinano alufani, yongeza i-barite kumacandelo okanye ujikeleze ipompo enye kwaye udibanise ipompo enye ngoxinzelelo oluphantsi ukuze ifane.

14. Yintoni isizathu sokwehla koxinzelelo lokupompa ekubholeni? Ungajonga njani? Ungajongana njani nalo?

Imbangela yokuhla koxinzelelo lwempompo, amanzi empompini akalunganga, ukuvuza kombhobho okanye isango, ukugqobhozwa kwezixhobo zokubhola kubangele ukujikeleza kwesekethe emfutshane, ukugqobhozwa okanye ukuvalwa kwembhobho yokubhola, isixhobo sokubhola esaphukileyo, ukuvuza, iqamza lokungena kwegesi yolwelo lokubhola njalo njalo.

Indlela yokuhlola: Okokuqala jonga umhlaba, imeko yokusebenza kwepompo, umbhobho. Nokuba isango libhobokile okanye lijikeleziswa ngombane, nokuba igeyiji yoxinzelelo ichanekile na, uze uqwalasele ukuba isixhobo sokugrumba umngxuma ongaphantsi komhlaba sibhobokile okanye saphukile, nokuba umlomo ubhobokile okanye uwile, nokuba kukho ukuvuza.

Indlela yokunyanga: Ukulungiswa okungxamisekileyo kufuneka kulungiselelwe ngezizathu zomhlaba, kunye nonyango lokucoca ulwelo lokubhola. Emva kokuba isixhobo sokubhola okanye umlomo ubhobokile, qalisa ukubhola ngoko nangoko, jonga isixhobo sokubhola ngokweenkcukacha, ungasebenzisi i-turntable shackle ngexesha lokubhola, ungabhuleki ngamandla ukuthintela isixhobo sokubhola ukuba singakhubeki kwaye siqhekeke. Kwimeko yokulahleka, ulwelo lokubhola kufuneka lukhutshwe rhoqo ngoko nangoko.

15. Ukwandisa umthwalo wepleyiti ejikelezayo, susa i-clutch yepleyiti ejikelezayo emotweni, kutheni? Ungayijongana njani nayo?

Izizathu:

(1) ukudilika kokwakheka kokudilika kokungcola (okufana nokugrumba kwiindawo ezingasebenziyo, iintanda, indawo yokuqhekeka kokwakheka kokudilika ...

(2) Isixhobo sokubhola esomileyo okanye ipakethe yodaka;

(3) ikhowuni yebhithi inamathele okanye isiqwenga sesikrazuli;

(4) izinto eziwela emngxunyeni ongaphantsi;

(5) Umjikelo omfutshane wesekethe, iziqwenga azikwazi ukuphuma;

(6) Indlela yomthombo ohamba kwicala elingaphambili ayilunganga, indlela ohamba ngayo umthombo inkulu, indawo ohamba kuyo inkulu, kwaye umlenze wenja unzima;

Indlela yokunyanga: Okokuqala misela ukuba ingaba iqhekeza lokugrumba liqhelekile na, ukuba liyomile, ukuze uphakamise isixhobo sokugrumba siphindaphindwe, ukongeza, ngokujika okukhanyayo ukuze ugwebe iqhekeza lokugrumba, ukuba umjikelo wesekethe emfutshane kufuneka uqalise ngoko nangoko ukugrumba ukujonga isixhobo sokugrumba. Ngokwesibikezelo sokwakheka, idatha yomthombo osecaleni, kunye neziqwenga ezibuyisiweyo, indawo kunye nobungakanani bokudilika komthombo ziyahlalutywa, kwaye kuthathwa amanyathelo asebenzayo okususa nokuthintela ukugrumba okubambekileyo. Ukuba ingxaki yendlela yomthombo isonjululwe, isixhobo sokugrumba sinokwenziwa lula kwaye i-torque ingancitshiswa.

16. Yintoni isizathu sokutsiba okufumaneka ekubholeni? Ungajongana njani nako?

Ukugrumba nge-skip kwenzeka ekugrumbeni nge-cone bit, izizathu zezi:

(1) Ukugrumba kudibene nomaleko wegrabile othambileyo noqinileyo, ulwahlulo olungalinganiyo lwe-limestone strata;

(2) izinto eziwela phantsi okanye eziwela phantsi emngxunyeni;

(3) I-torque egqithisileyo xa usebenzisa i-tooth drill enkulu;

Indlela yonyango: Lungisa iiparameter ukuze zingabandakanyi ukugrumba, kwaye wenze isigqibo esipheleleyo ngokwe-lithology yokwakheka, ukuba unyango alusebenzi, kufuneka uqwalasele into engaphantsi komngxuma, ukugrumba ukujonga ukuguguleka kwe-bit, kufuneka kuthathwe amanyathelo asebenzayo, kwinkqubo yokuthintela ukugrumba okubambekileyo.

17. Yintoni imbangela yokutsiba kwe-bit? Ungajongana njani nayo?

(1) I-scraper bit idibana nomphezulu othambileyo noqinileyo wokwakheka;

(2) ubunzima bebhithi yesikrayi bukhulu kakhulu okanye bubotshiwe;

(3) umaleko wokomba ilitye elinqabileyo okanye umqolomba welitye elinqabileyo;

(4) Ukwakheka kwezinto kuthintela okanye izinto eziwela emthonjeni;

(5) udaka oluncinci lwekhowuni okanye ikhowuni enamatheleyo;

(6) Lahla ikhowuni okanye iblade yokukrazula;

(7) Ububanzi bento yokukrazula buncinci kunobubanzi bento yokuzinzisa emva kokusila;

Unyango: Ukuba unobangela wokwakheka ungalungiswa ukuze kususwe ubunzima kwisantya sebhithi, ukuba awusebenzi, unokubangelwa yinto ebhithi okanye ewayo, kufuneka kuhlolwe ukubhola ukuze kuchongwe inyathelo elilandelayo.

18, ukubhoboza kwikhonkco lokudlulisa eliphukileyo kufuneka kube njani ukujongana nako?

(1) Okokuqala, umjikelo kufuneka ugcinwe;

(2) Xa umthombo unganzulu, sebenzisa abasebenzi ukujika i-kelly okanye sebenzisa i-gas hoist ukutsala i-turntable chain ukuhambisa i-drill;

(3) Xa umthombo unzulu, inxalenye okanye bonke ubunzima besixhobo sokugrumba bucinezelwe phantsi, nto leyo ebangela ukugoba kwesixhobo sokugrumba kwaye kuncitshiswe amathuba okunamathela;

(4) Cwangcisa ngokukhawuleza abasebenzi ukuba babambe ityathanga, baze baphakamise isixhobo sokugrumba ukujonga iindawo eziqhelekileyo emva kokuqalisa ukugrumba;

19. Yintoni isizathu sokuba ipayipi ibanjwe yipayipi ye-kelly xa kugrunjwa? Ungajongana njani nayo?

Isizathu kukuba i-swivel bearing ineengxaki (ezimbi, ukungabikho kwebhotolo, njl.njl.) idiski yetyhubhu yokufunxa iqinile kakhulu, i-kelly igobile kwaye i-turntable inamandla, intambo ye-faucet anti-twist ayibotshwanga ngokwemigaqo, kwaye i-hook enkulu ayitshixwanga. Emva kokuba ipayipi isongiwe kwi-kelly, i-kelly inokutsalwa ngokuphakamisa iipliers, kwaye i-faucet okanye i-kelly inokususwa ukuba ibambeke kakhulu; Ukuba ipayipi yokufunxa iqinile kakhulu kwaye isongelwe kancinci kwipayipi ye-kelly, i-rope clamp ingasetyenziselwa ukulungisa i-faucet kwaye ijike kancinci ixesha elithile.

20. Yintoni isizathu sokwehla kobunzima bokuxhoma komnwe ophakathi? Ungajongana njani nayo?

Isizathu kukuba igeyiji yobunzima ayilunganga okanye umbhobho wokubhola wophukile.

Indlela yokunyanga: qala uphakamise umbhobho wokubhola ukuze ujonge i-weight gauge sensor, nokuba umbhobho wokudlulisa uxinzelelo kunye netafile okanye ijoyinti ziyavuza na, nokuba iindawo zonakele, uze ulungise kwakhona i-weight gauge. Ukuba itafile yobunzima ayiguquki, qalisa ngoko nangoko ukubhola ukuze ujonge isixhobo sokubhola, uze ugqibe ngendlela yokunyanga ngokwemeko.