Izizathu kunye nezisombululo zokunamathela kokubhola

Ukunamathela, okwaziwa ngokuba kukunamathela koxinzelelo oluhlukeneyo, yeyona ngozi ixhaphakileyo yokunamathela kwinkqubo yokubhola, nto leyo ebangela ukuba ngaphezulu kwama-60% eempazamo zokunamathela zingasebenzi.

Izizathu zokunamathela:

(1) Intambo yokugrumba inexesha elide elingashukumiyo equleni;

(2) Umahluko woxinzelelo emthonjeni mkhulu;

(3) Ukusebenza kakubi kolwelo lokubhola kunye nomgangatho ophantsi wekhekhe lodaka kubangela umlinganiselo omkhulu wokungqubana;

(4) Umgangatho ophantsi wemigodi yamanzi.

Iimpawu zokuqhoboshela okunamathelayo:

(1) Ukunamathela kukwimeko engaguqukiyo yentambo yokubhola kunokwenzeka, njengoko ixesha elingaguqukiyo liza kwenzeka linamathele, kunxulumene ngokusondeleyo nenkqubo yolwelo lokubhola, ukusebenza, isakhiwo sokubhola, umgangatho womngxuma, kodwa kufuneka kubekho inkqubo engaguqukiyo.

(2) Emva kokuncamathisela idrili, indawo yokuncamathisela ayiyi kuba yi-drill bit, kodwa yi-drill collar okanye i-drill pipe.

(3) Ngaphambi nasemva kokuncamathela, ukujikeleza kolwelo lokubhola kuyinto eqhelekileyo, ukuhamba kokungenisa nokuthumela ngaphandle kuyalingana, kwaye uxinzelelo lwepompo alutshintshi.

(4) Emva kokunamathela kwi-drill ebambekileyo, ukuba umsebenzi awufikanga ngexesha elifanelekileyo, indawo ebambekileyo inokunyuka, okanye ihambe ngqo kufutshane nesihlangu esifakwe isingxobo.

Ukuthintela ukunamathela:

Iimfuno eziqhelekileyo, ixesha elingagungqiyo lokubhola umtya wokubhola akufuneki lidlule imizuzu emi-3. Umgama we-drill nganye awukho ngaphantsi kwe-2m, kwaye ukujikeleza akukho ngaphantsi kwemijikelo eli-10. Emva komsebenzi kufuneka ubuyiselwe kubunzima bokuxhoma bokuqala.

Ukuba i-drill bit isezantsi komngxuma kwaye ayikwazi ukuhamba nokujika, kuyimfuneko ukucinezela i-1/2-2/3 yobunzima obuxhonyiweyo besixhobo sokubhola kwi-drill bit ukuze ugobe i-drill string esezantsi, unciphise indawo yokunxibelelana phakathi kwe-drill string kunye ne-dag cake yodonga, kwaye unciphise ukunamathela okupheleleyo.

Ngexesha lokugrumba okuqhelekileyo, njengokungasebenzi kakuhle kwempompo okanye ipayipi, umbhobho we-kelly akufuneki ubekwe entlokweni yomthombo ukuze ulungiswe. Ukuba ukugrumba kubambekile, kuya kulahlekelwa lithuba lokucinezela phantsi nokujikelezisa umtya wokugrumba.

Unyango lokuqhobosha okunamathelayo:

(1) Umsebenzi onamandla

Ukunamathela kuya kuba nzima ngakumbi njengoko ixesha liqhubeka. Ke ngoko, kwisigaba sokuqala sokufunyanwa kwentonga, amandla aphezulu kufuneka enziwe ngaphakathi komthwalo okhuselekileyo wezixhobo (ingakumbi inkqubo ye-derrick kunye ne-suspension) kunye nentambo yokubhola. Ayidluli umda womthwalo okhuselekileyo wekhonkco elibuthathaka, kwaye ubunzima bentambo yokubhola yonke bunokucinezelwa kuxinzelelo oluphantsi, kwaye ujikelezo olufanelekileyo lunokwenziwa, kodwa alunakudlula inani elimiselweyo lokujika kwe-torsion yombhobho wokubhola.

(2) Vula ikhadi

Ukuba umtya wokubhola unejagi ngelixa ubhoboza, kufuneka uqalise ngoko nangoko isando esiphezulu phezulu okanye uqalise isando esisezantsi phantsi ukuze usombulule ikhadi, eligxile kakhulu kunamandla alula okubhoboza nokubhoboza.

(3) Nciphisa isixhobo sokukhulula

Iarhente yokukhulula ukuntywiliselwa yeyona ndlela isetyenziswa kakhulu nebalulekileyo yokukhulula i-stuck drill. Kukho iintlobo ezininzi zeearhente zokukhulula i-jam, ngokubanzi, kuquka i-oyile ekrwada, ioyile yedizili, iikhompawundi zeoyile, i-hydrochloric acid, i-asidi yomhlaba, amanzi, amanzi anetyuwa, amanzi e-alkali, njl. Ngengqiqo encinci, ibhekisa kwisisombululo esikhethekileyo esenziwe ngezinto ezikhethekileyo zokuphakamisa i-adhesive stuck drill, kukho i-oyile, kukho i-water-based, uxinano lwazo lunokulungiswa njengoko kufuneka. Indlela yokukhetha iarhente yokukhulula, kuxhomekeke kwimeko ethile yommandla ngamnye, iqula eliphantsi loxinzelelo linokukhethwa ngokuthanda, iqula eliphezulu loxinzelelo linokukhetha kuphela iarhente yokukhulula enoxinano oluphezulu.