Ukuhlelwa kweoli kunye negesi kakuhle ukwandisa ubuchule bokuvelisa

I-oyile nerhasi yokwandisa ubuchwephesha bemveliso linyathelo lobuchwephesha lokuphucula amandla okuvelisa amaqula e-oyile (kubandakanywa namaqula erhasi) kunye nomthamo wokufunxa amanzi kwimingxuma yokutofa kwamanzi. Iindlela ezisetyenziswa ngokuqhelekileyo ziquka i-hydraulic fracturing kunye nonyango lwe-acidification, ngaphezu kokuqhuma kwe-downhole, unyango lwe-solvent, njl.

1) Inkqubo ye-Hydraulic fracturing

I-Hydraulic fracturing ibandakanya ukutofa i-high-viscosity fracturing fluid kwiqula kumthamo omkhulu ogqithisa umthamo wokufunxa wokubunjwa, ngaloo ndlela ukwandisa uxinzelelo lomngxuma ongezantsi kunye nokuqhekeka ukubunjwa. Ngenaliti eqhubekayo ye-fracturing fluid, i-fractures yandisa ngakumbi ekubunjweni. Umlinganiselo othile we-proppant (ikakhulukazi isanti) kufuneka ufakwe kwi-fracturing fluid ukukhusela ukuphuka ukuvala emva kokuba ipompo imisiwe. Iifractures ezizaliswe yi-proppant zitshintsha i-seapage mode yeoli kunye negesi ekubunjweni, ukwandisa indawo ye-seepage, ukunciphisa ukuchasana kokuhamba, kunye nokuphinda kabini ukuveliswa kweoli yeoli. "Irhasi ye-Shale", ethandwa kakhulu kwishishini leoli yehlabathi kutshanje, ixhamla kuphuhliso olukhawulezayo lweteknoloji ye-hydraulic fracturing!

2) Unyango lwe-oyile ye-acidification

Unyango lwe-acidification ye-oyile yohlulwe yangamacandelo amabini: unyango lwe-hydrochloric acid ukwenzela ukubunjwa kwamatye e-carbonate kunye nonyango lwe-asidi yomhlaba kwi-sandstone formations. Ngokuqhelekileyo eyaziwa ngokuba yi-acidification.

►I-Hydrochloric acid unyango lwe-carbonate rock formations: Amatye e-carbonate afana ne-limestone kunye ne-dolomite asabela nge-hydrochloric acid ukuvelisa i-calcium chloride okanye i-magnesium chloride e-soluble ngokulula emanzini, eyandisa ukunyanzeliswa kokubunjwa kunye nokuphucula ngokufanelekileyo amandla okuvelisa amaqula eoli. . Ngaphantsi kweemeko zeqondo lokushisa lokubunjwa, i-hydrochloric acid isabela ngokukhawuleza ngamatye, kwaye ininzi yayo idliwe kufuphi nezantsi kwequla kwaye ayikwazi ukungena nzulu kwi-oil layer, echaphazela umphumo we-asidi.

►Unyango lwe-asidi yomhlaba wokubunjwa kwelitye lesanti: Amacandelo abalulekileyo amaminerali e-sandstone yi-quartz kunye ne-feldspar. Iisamente ubukhulu becala ziyi-silicates (ezifana nodongwe) kunye ne-carbonates, zombini ezo zinyibilika kwi-hydrofluoric acid. Nangona kunjalo, emva kokusabela phakathi kwe-hydrofluoric acid kunye ne-carbonates, i-calcium fluoride precipitation iya kwenzeka, engayi kuhambelana nokuveliswa kweoli kunye negesi yegesi. Ngokuqhelekileyo, i-sandstone iphathwa nge-8-12% ye-hydrochloric acid kunye ne-2-4% ye-hydrofluoric acid exutywe ne-asidi yomhlaba ukuphepha imvula ye-calcium fluoride. Ukuxinwa kwe-hydrofluoric acid kwi-asidi yomhlaba akufanele kube phezulu kakhulu ukuphepha ukonakalisa isakhiwo selitye lesanti kunye nokubangela iingozi zokuvelisa isanti. Ukuze kuthintelwe ukusabela okubi phakathi kwe-calcium kunye ne-magnesium ion ekubunjweni kunye ne-hydrofluoric acid kunye nezinye izizathu, ukubunjwa kufuneka kuqhutywe ngaphambili nge-hydrochloric acid ngaphambi kokufaka i-asidi yomhlaba. Uluhlu lonyango lwangaphambili kufuneka lube lukhulu kunoluhlu lonyango lweasidi yomhlaba. Itekhnoloji ye-asidi yomhlaba ye-authigenic iye yaphuhliswa kwiminyaka yakutshanje. I-Methyl formate kunye ne-ammonium fluoride zisetyenziselwa ukusabela ekubunjweni kokuvelisa i-hydrofluoric acid, esebenza ngaphakathi kwe-oyile yobushushu obuphezulu kumaqula anzulu ukuphucula isiphumo sonyango lwe-asidi yomhlaba. Ngokwenza njalo kuphuculwe amandla okuvelisa amaqula e-oyile.