Ukuhlelwa kwemithombo yeoyile negesi kwandisa iindlela zokuvelisa

Itekhnoloji yokwandisa imveliso yemithombo yeoyile negesi yindlela yobugcisa yokuphucula amandla okuvelisa imithombo yeoyile (kuquka imithombo yegesi) kunye namandla okufunxa amanzi emithonjeni yokufaka amanzi. Iindlela ezisetyenziswa rhoqo ziquka ukuqhekeka kwe-hydraulic kunye nonyango lwe-asidi, ukongeza ekuqhumeni kwemingxuma engaphantsi komhlaba, unyango lwe-solvent, njl.njl.

1) Inkqubo yokuqhekeka kwe-hydraulic

Ukuqhekeka nge-hydraulic kubandakanya ukufaka ulwelo lokuqhekeka olunamandla aphezulu equleni ngomthamo omkhulu odlula amandla okufunxa kokwakheka, ngaloo ndlela kwandisa uxinzelelo lomngxuma osezantsi kunye nokuqhekeka kokwakheka. Ngokufakwa rhoqo kolwelo lokuqhekeka, ukuqhekeka kukhula nzulu ekwakhekeni. Umlinganiselo othile we-proppant (ikakhulu isanti) kufuneka ufakwe kulwelo lokuqhekeka ukuthintela ukuqhekeka ukuba kuvaleke emva kokuba ipompo iyekile. Ukuqhekeka okuzaliswe yi-proppant kutshintsha indlela yokuphuma kweoyile kunye negesi ekwakhekeni, kwandisa indawo yokuphuma, kunciphisa ukumelana nokuhamba kwamanzi, kunye nokuphinda kabini imveliso yequla leoyile. "Igesi ye-Shale", ethandwa kakhulu kushishino lweoyile lwehlabathi kutshanje, ixhamla kuphuhliso olukhawulezayo lwetekhnoloji yokuqhekeka nge-hydraulic!

2) Unyango lokufaka iasidi kwimithombo yeoyile

Unyango lokufaka iasidi kwimithombo yeoyile lwahlulwe lwahlulwe lwahlulwe lwamacandelo amabini: unyango lwe-hydrochloric acid kwiindlela ezenziwe ngayo ilitye le-carbonate kunye nonyango lwe-asidi yomhlaba kwiindlela ezenziwe ngayo ilitye lesanti. Oku kwaziwa kakhulu ngokuba yi-asidi.

►Unyango lwe-hydrochloric acid kwizakhiwo zamatye e-carbonate: Amatye e-carbonate afana ne-limestone kunye ne-dolomite asabela kunye ne-hydrochloric acid ukuvelisa i-calcium chloride okanye i-magnesium chloride enyibilikayo lula emanzini, nto leyo enyusa ukuvuleka kokwakheka kwaye iphucule ngempumelelo amandla emveliso yemigodi yeoyile. Phantsi kweemeko zobushushu zokwakheka, i-hydrochloric acid isabela ngokukhawuleza kakhulu kunye namatye, kwaye uninzi lwayo lusetyenziswa kufutshane nezantsi lomthombo kwaye alunakungena nzulu kumaleko eoyile, nto leyo echaphazela isiphumo se-acidification.

►Unyango lwe-asidi yomhlaba ekudalweni kwelitye lesanti: Izinto eziphambili zeeminerali zelitye lesanti yi-quartz kunye ne-feldspar. Ii-cement ikakhulu zii-silicates (ezifana nodongwe) kunye nee-carbonates, zombini ezinyibilikayo kwi-hydrofluoric acid. Nangona kunjalo, emva kokusabela phakathi kwe-hydrofluoric acid kunye nee-carbonates, kuya kubakho i-calcium fluoride precipitation, nto leyo engayi kunceda ekuvelisweni kwemithombo yeoyile kunye negesi. Ngokubanzi, ilitye lesanti liphathwa nge-8-12% ye-hydrochloric acid kunye ne-2-4% ye-hydrofluoric acid exutywe ne-asidi yomhlaba ukuze kuthintelwe i-calcium fluoride precipitation. Uxinzelelo lwe-hydrofluoric acid kwi-asidi yomhlaba akufuneki lube phezulu kakhulu ukuze kuthintelwe ukonakala kwesakhiwo selitye lesanti kwaye kubangele iingozi zokuveliswa kwesanti. Ukuze kuthintelwe iimpembelelo ezimbi phakathi kwe-calcium kunye ne-magnesium ions ekubunjweni kunye ne-hydrofluoric acid kunye nezinye izizathu, ukwakheka kufuneka kuphathwe kwangaphambili nge-hydrochloric acid ngaphambi kokufaka i-asidi yomhlaba. Uluhlu lwangaphambi konyango kufuneka lube lukhulu kunoluhlu lonyango lwe-asidi yomhlaba. Itekhnoloji ye-authigenic soil acid iye yaphuhliswa kwiminyaka yakutshanje. I-Methyl formate kunye ne-ammonium fluoride zisetyenziselwa ukusabela ekubunjweni ukuvelisa i-hydrofluoric acid, esebenza ngaphakathi komaleko weoyile obushushu obuphezulu kwimigodi enzulu ukuphucula isiphumo sokunyanga i-asidi yomhlaba. Ngaloo ndlela kuphucula amandla okuvelisa imigodi yeoyile.