Izixhobo zokubhola eziQhelekileyo eziLawulayo

Imiba emithathu ekufuneka ijongwe kulawulo lwendlela yokuhamba kwendle:

① Yila i-bottom hole assembly (BHA) ngokufanelekileyo ukulawula izinga lokutshintsha kwe-engile yokuphambuka kwe-hole.

② Yila okanye ukhethe izixhobo ezingaphantsi komhlaba ezinezakhiwo ezikhethekileyo ukulawula izinga lokutshintsha kwe-engile ye-azimuth yomngxuma.

③ Khetha kwaye ulawule ubunzima kwi-bit (WOB) ngokufanelekileyo ukuze ulawule izinga lokungena kwe-bit ngokuthe nkqo kunye nobukhulu bamandla okwakheka, ngaloo ndlela ufezekisa ulawulo lwe-wellbore curvature.

Izixhobo zokubhola ezisetyenziswa ngendlela eqhelekileyo ziquka ii-subs ezisebenzisa indlela ethile, ii-non-magnetic drill collars (NMDC), ii-heavy-weight drill pipes (HWDP), iziqinisi, ii-key-seat wipers, njl.njl.

I. ICandelo eliLawulayo

1. Iintlobo

I-Directional straight sub: Isetyenziselwa ukugrumba ngendlela ethe ngqo nge-bent-housing progressive cavity drills (PCD).

I-Directional bent sub: Isetyenziselwa ukugrumba ngendlela ethe ngqo nge-straight-housing progressive cavity drills (PCD).

2. Ulwakhiwo oluSisiseko

1) I-Sub ethe tye eqondisiweyo

Izinto ezisetyenzisiweyo: Indlu yesi-4, isikhongozeli esiphakathi 1, isitshixo sesikhokelo sesi-3, iseti yesikrufu sesi-2

2) I-Directional Bent Sub

Izinto ezisetyenzisiweyo: Indlu yesi-4, isikhongozeli esiphakathi 1, isitshixo esibhekisa kwicala lesi-3, iseti yesikrufu sesi-2. Xa ithelekiswa ne-directional straight sub, ine-structural bend angle λ, kwaye ifomyula yokubala yile:λ = 57.3 × (a – b) / d

II. Ikhola yokubhola engeyoMagnetic (NMDC)

1. Umsebenzi

Izixhobo zokulinganisa zemagnethi ezikhuselayo ukuze kuthintelwe iimpazamo zokulinganisa.

Yenza imisebenzi yeekhola eziqhelekileyo zokubhola.

2. Izixhobo zeeKhola zokuDrill ezingezizo zeMagnetic

Ikakhulu ziquka i-Monel alloy (equlethe i-copper, i-nickel, i-chromium, njl.njl.), i-chromium-nickel alloy, i-austenitic alloy esekelwe kwi-chromium-manganese, i-beryllium-copper alloy, i-SMFI non-magnetic steel, kunye ne-home manganese-chromium-nickel steel.

3. Ukukhethwa kobude beKhola yokuDrill engeyiyo iMagnetic

Jonga "Imephu yoBunzima beMagnetic Field yoMhlaba oQokelelweyo". Ukukhetha okufanelekileyo ubude bekhola yokubhola engeyomagnethi kwenza kube lula ukulinganisa ngokuchanekileyo i-azimuth yemagnethi kwicandelo elivulekileyo lemingxuma. Okukhona amandla emagnethi ephezulu yendawo, kokukhona ikhola yokubhola engeyomagnethi efunekayo inde.

4. Ukuhlolwa kunye nokusetyenziswa kweeKhola zokubhola ezingezizo zeMagnetic

1) Ukuthe tye komphezulu ongaphandle osilinda wekhola yokubhola engeyomagnetic kuya kuba yi-≤ 2mm/m, kwaye ukuthe tye kobude bonke kuya kuba yi-≤ 5mm/m.

2)Imikrwelo kumphezulu womzimba wombhobho wekhola yokubhola engeyoyamagnethi mayingadluli umda ovumelekileyo wokukrwela.

3)Umphezulu womsonto kufuneka ube mpuluswa, ungabi nazimpawu zingalinganiyo, iintanda, ukurhawuzelelwa, okanye eminye imonakalo.

4）I-torque yokwenza imisonto yekhola ye-drill engeyiyo imagnethi mayibe yi-≥ i-torque ejikelezayo echaziweyo.

5)Ubungakanani bokungena kwemagnethi kunye nokufana kwemagnethi kwekhola yokubhola engeyomagnethi kuya kuhlolwa kube kanye ngonyaka, kwaye iziphumo zovavanyo ziya kuhambelana nemigaqo yeNon-Magnetic Drill Collar Standard (SY5145-86).

III. Umbhobho Wokugrumba Obunzima Obunzima (HWDP)

Isetyenziswa ezantsi kwe-BHA ukutshintsha iikhola zokubhola ukuze kusetyenziswe uxinzelelo. Kwimisebenzi yokuqondisa ngezixhobo zokuqhuba, inciphisa indawo yokunxibelelana nodonga olunemibhobho yamanzi, inciphisa ukumelana nokungqubana, yenza kube lula ukusebenza ngokutyibilika, iphucula ukhuseleko lomngxuma ongaphantsi komhlaba, kwaye ilungele ulawulo lweeparamitha zemithombo yokuqondisa. Ikwasebenza njengecandelo lokutshintsha phakathi kweekhola zokubhola kunye nemibhobho yokubhola ukuze kuncitshiswe utshintsho lokuqina.

IV. Isizinzisi

1.Ukusetyenziswa kweZinzisa kwiDirectional Drilling

Kwi-BHA ezikhulayo kunye nee-BHA ezilahlayo, iziqinisi zisebenza njengezixhobo ezipheleleyo. Ngokulungisa indawo yeziqinisi kwi-BHA esezantsi, imeko yoxinzelelo lwe-BHA esezantsi inokutshintshwa ukuze kufezekiswe ulawulo lwendlela yokuhamba kakuhle.

2.Yandisa ukuqina kwe-BHA esezantsi ukuze uzinzise ukuphambuka komngxuma kunye ne-azimuth. Kwii-BHA ezibambekayo, ukuqina kwe-BHA esezantsi kuyandiswa ngokunciphisa umgama phakathi kwe-bit kunye ne-stabilizer, kunye naphakathi kweziqinisi, ukuze kuncitshiswe ukuguquguquka okucinezelweyo kwe-BHA esezantsi kwaye kufezekiswe isiphumo sokubamba ukuphambuka.

3.Nxiba i-wellbore ukuze utshintsho lwe-wellbore lube lula kwaye lugudile, nto leyo enceda ekunciphiseni iingxaki ezibangelwa yi-downhole.

Qaphela! Xa ufaka isizinzisi emngxunyeni uze usikhuphe emngxunyeni, linganisa ngononophelo ububanzi bangaphandle besizinzisi, jonga imeko yokuguguleka kwaso kunye nendawo esifakwe kuyo kwi-BHA. Ububanzi bangaphandle besizinzisi abuyi kudlula i-2mm.

Iintlobo zeziqinisi:

Isiqinisi esilinganayo sembambo ezithe tye Isiqinisi esijikelezayo esineengalo ezintlanu (ezineengalo ezintathu)

Isiqinisi esijikelezayo esine-lobe ezintlanu (ezintathu ezine-lobe)r Isingxobo sozinzo esinokutshintshwa

Isizinzisi esingaqhelekanga esineengalo ezintathuIsiqinisi esinokutshintshwa

V. I-Wiper yeSitulo Esiphambili

Imilo yejometri yesicoci se-key-seat ifana neye-spiral stabilizer. Ubukhulu bayo buncinci kune-stabilizer kodwa bukhulu kune-drill collar. Ngokungafaniyo ne-spiral stabilizer, zombini amagxa aphezulu nasezantsi esicoci se-key-seat adityaniswe nge-electrodes ze-alloy eziqinileyo zibe yimo ye-conical, enemisebenzi yokusika, ukuphinda-phinda, kunye nokusula izihlalo ze-key.

Indawo ye-key-seat wiper kwi-drill string yile ilandelayo:

1. I-BHA ikhethekileyo yokusula izitulo ezibalulekileyo

Uqwalaselo lwe-BHA lokusula izihlalo zezitshixo ngokubanzi: Ikhola yokubhola encinci kunye ne-drill collar (50)～60m) + i-wiper yesihlalo esiphambili + ijari yokubhola + umbhobho wokubhola onzima (HWDP).

Ukuze kusulwe izihlalo ezinde zesitshixo, kungasetyenziswa i-BHA elandelayo: I-Bit + 1 stand yekhola yokubhola encinci + i-wiper yesihlalo sesitshixo + i-stand e-1 yekhola yokubhola encinci + i-flexible joint + ijagi yokubhola + umbhobho wokubhola onzima (HWDP).

Ububanzi bangaphandle bekhola yokubhola encinci kwintambo yokubhola kufuneka bufane nobubanzi bangaphandle bejoyinti yombhobho wokubhola esetyenziswa ngexesha lokubhola. Xa usebenzisa intambo yokubhola ukuya kuthi ga kwi-100m ngaphezulu kwesihlalo esibalulekileyo, lawula isantya sokubaleka; xa ujamelene nokuxhathisa, qala ukuphinda ulawule ngokungqongqo i-WOB (ngokubanzi ingaphantsi kwe-49kN).

2. Ukusula izitulo ezinezihluthulelo ngelixa ugrumba

Kwindlela yokubhola ebhekisa kwicala, ukuqala kwicandelo lokwakha, ii-wipers ze-key-seat zihlala zisetyenziswa kwi-downhole BHA. Ngokwendlela egobileyo ngayo i-wellbore ebotshiweyo kunye ne-formation lithology, i-key-seat wiper isetyenziselwa ukuphinda-phinda kwiindawo "zomlenze wenja" apho izihlalo ezibalulekileyo zinokuvela khona, ukuze kuthintelwe ukwakheka kwezihlalo ezibalulekileyo.

VI. Ivalvu yokudada

Imisebenzi yayo ephambili kukuthintela ukubuya kolwelo lokubhola (olunokonakalisa izixhobo zokulinganisa umngxuma ongaphantsi) kunye nokuthintela ukuba ii-bit nozzles zingavalwa.

VII. I-Hanger Sub

Isixhobo sokuLinganisa ngexesha lokuDrila (MWD) sihleli kuso, nto leyo ebonelela ngendawo yokulinganisa ekhuselekileyo nezinzileyo ye-MWD.

Kukho umgca wesikali okwicala eliphezulu eludongeni lwangaphandle lwe-hanger sub, osetyenziselwa ukulinganisa icala eliphezulu le-progressive cavity drill (PCD) kunye nokulinganisa ixabiso le-offset phakathi kwe-MWD kunye ne-PCD. Udonga lwangaphakathi lwe-sub lubonelelwa ngesitshixo esiphumayo, esisetyenziswa xa i-MWD isetiwe. Xa i-MWD ingasetyenziswa, kufuneka kuqwalaselwe ukususa i-hanger sub kuqala ukuze kuthintelwe ukuba isitshixo singakhukuliswa ngenxa yesantya sokuhamba kwamanzi esigqithisileyo (esinokubangela iingozi zokuhla kwemigodi).

VIII. Ingqayi

Umsebenzi wayo ophambili kukugcina ibhalansi yokusebenza kwe-bit kunye ne-drill string, kunye nokunceda ukukhulula umbhobho obambekileyo xa umbhobho unamathela.

IX. I-Flexible Joint

Umsebenzi wayo ophambili kukukhusela ijari kunye nokwandisa ukuthamba kwentambo yokubhola ngexesha lokubhoboza.