Ukuloba ngeNkunkuma eDownhole kunye noNyango lweeNgozi zokubhola eziBanjiweyo

1. Ukuloba inkunkuma engaphantsi komhlaba

1.1Uhlobo lokuwa komngxuma ongaphantsi komhlaba

Ngokwegama kunye nohlobo lwezinto eziwayo, iintlobo zezinto eziwayo emgodini zezi: izinto eziwayo ngemibhobho, izinto eziwa ngentonga, izinto eziwa ngentambo kunye neziqwenga ezincinci zezinto eziwayo.

1.2．Pizinto eziwayo

Ngaphambi kokuloba, idatha esisiseko ye-oyile namanzi. Kufuneka kuqalwe ngokuqondakalayo ulwazi malunga nokugrumba kunye nokuveliswa kwe-oyile, oko kukuthi, ulwazi malunga nokugrumba kunye nokuveliswa kwe-oyile kufuneka luqondwe ngokucacileyo, ulwakhiwo lwequla, imeko ye-casing, kunye nokuba kukho into ewa kwangoko na. Okwesibini, fumana unobangela wezinto eziwayo, nokuba kukho ukuguquka kunye nomphezulu wesanti ongcwatywe emva kokuwela equleni. Bala umthwalo ophezulu onokufikelelwa xa uloba, qinisa i-derrick kunye nomngxuma wentambo yomntu. Kufuneka kuqwalaselwe nokuba emva kokubamba izinto eziwileyo, ukuba ikhadi elingaphantsi komhlaba kufuneka libe namanyathelo okuthintela kunye nokubuyisana.

Izixhobo zokuloba eziqhelekileyo: Iikhola zokufefa, iiTaper taps, iSpear, iSlip Overshot njalo njalo.

Inkqubo yokuloba:

⑴Ukujonga iiBhloko zeMboniso phantsi ukuze uqwalasele indawo kunye nemilo yezinto eziwayo.

⑵Ngokuya ngemeko yezinto eziwayo kunye nobukhulu bendawo ye-Annular phakathi kwezinto eziwayo kunye nebhokisi, khetha izixhobo zokuloba ezifanelekileyo okanye uyilo uze wenze izixhobo zokuloba ngokwakho.

⑶Lungisa uyilo lokwakha kunye namanyathelo okhuseleko, kwaye emva kokuvunywa ngamasebe afanelekileyo ngokweenkqubo zokunika ingxelo, unyango lokuloba kufuneka lwenziwe ngokwendlela yoyilo lokwakha, kwaye imizobo yokudweba kufuneka izotywe kwizixhobo ezingaphantsi komhlaba.

⑷Ukuloba kufuneka kube lula.

Hlalutya izinto eziFishiweyo uze ubhale isishwankathelo.

1.3．Rizinto eziwayo

Uninzi lwale mibhobho yeyohlobo lweentonga, kwaye kukwakho neentonga zobunzima kunye neemitha. Ezinye zawela kwibhokisi, ezinye zawela kwityhubhu.

⑴Ukuloba kwiityhubhu

Kulula kakhulu ukuloba intonga ephukileyo kwityhubhu, njengokuba intonga inokutsalwa phantsi xa intonga ikhutshwa kwibhakethi okanye kwidramu yokutsala intlanzi ukuze ilotywe, ukuba ayilotywanga, ungenza nomsebenzi wokuloba.

⑵Ukuloba kwibhokisi

Ukuloba ngekheyiji kunzima ngakumbi, kuba ububanzi bekheyiji bukhulu, intonga incinci, intsimbi incinci, kulula ukuyigoba, kulula ukuyikhupha, kwaye imilo yokuwa kwequla iyinkimbinkimbi. Xa uloba, ungaloba nge-lifting hook guide shoe slip overshot okanye isixhobo sokuloba esikhululekileyo. Xa into ewileyo igobile kwikheyiji, ingafunyanwa nge-hook yokuloba. Xa inkunkuma ixinene emngxunyeni kwaye ingenakufunyanwa, igutywa nge-sleeve mill okanye i-shoe mill, kwaye inkunkuma ifunyanwa nge-magnet catcher.

1.4．Ukuloba iziqwenga ezincinci

Kukho iintlobo ezininzi zeziqwenga ezincinci eziwayo, ezifana neebhola zentsimbi, iipliers, iikhowuni, izikrufu njalo njalo. Ezi nkunkuma zincinci kodwa kunzima kakhulu ukuzibuyisela. Izixhobo eziphambili zokuloba iziqwenga ezincinci zizixhobo zokuloba ezinemagnethi, ukubamba, ibhaskithi yokuloba ejikelezayo njalo njalo.

2. Unyango lweNgozi yokuQoba eStuck

Zininzi izizathu zokubhoboza okubambekileyo, ngoko ke zininzi iintlobo zokubhoboza okubambekileyo. Isanti eqhelekileyo Ibambekile, iwax ibambekile, into ewayo ibambekile, ukuguquka kwekhabhathi ibambekile, ukuqina kwesamente kubambekile njalo njalo.

2.1．Unyango lweSand Stick

Ukuba ixesha lokuncamathela kwesixhobo alide okanye i-sand jam ayinzima, intambo yombhobho ingaphakanyiswa phezulu nasezantsi ukuze kukhululwe isanti kwaye kuncitshiswe ingozi ye-drilling jam.

Ukuze kulungiswe iiWells ezibambeke kakhulu zesanti, okokuqala, umthwalo uyanda kancinci xa umthwalo ufikelela kwixabiso elithile, kwaye umthwalo wehliswa ngoko nangoko kwaye ukhululwe ngokukhawuleza. Okwesibini, emva kwexesha lemisebenzi yokunyuka nokuhla, umtya wombhobho uyaqiniswa ukuze ume, ukuze umtya wombhobho uxhonywe ixesha elithile phantsi kwemeko yokunwebeka, ukuze uxinzelelo lusasazeke kancinci ukuya kumtya wombhobho ongezantsi. Zombini ezi ntlobo zinokusebenza, kodwa umsebenzi ngamnye kufuneka umiswe imizuzu emi-5 ukuya kweli-10 ixesha elithile ukuthintela umtya ekudinweni nasekuqhekekeni.

Ukunamathela kwesanti kunokulungiswa ngeendlela zokukhulula ukujikeleza kwegazi okucinezelweyo, ukukhulula umbhobho wokuhlamba, ukukhulula okunamandla, ukukhulula i-jack, ukukhulula ukugaya i-reverse casing, njalo njalo.

2.2．Unyango lokuncamathela kwinto ewayo

Ukunamathela kwezinto eziwelayo kuthetha ukuba amazinyo eepliers, amazinyo atyibilikayo, nezinye izixhobo ezincinci ziwela equleni zize zibambeke, nto leyo ebangela ukugrumba okubambekileyo.

Xa ujongana nezinto eziwayo ezibambekileyo, musa ukuziphakamisa ngamandla, ukuze uthintele ukubhajwa, nto leyo ebangela iingxaki. Kukho iindlela ezimbini zonyango ngokubanzi: Ukuba intambo ebambekileyo ingajikwa, ingaphakanyiswa kancinci kwaye ijikwe kancinci. Izinto eziwayo ziyatyunyuzwa ukuze intambo yombhobho ongaphantsi komhlaba iphume; Ukuba le ndlela ingasentla ayisebenzi, ikhonkco lodonga lingasetyenziselwa ukulungisa umphezulu wentlanzi, uze emva koko ubambe kwakhona ithontsi.

2.3．Susa ikheyiji ebambekileyo

Ngenxa yokwanda kwamanyathelo okuvelisa okanye ezinye izizathu, isingxobo siyaphazamiseka okanye sonakele, kwaye isixhobo somngxuma ongaphantsi komhlaba sithotywa ngempazamo phezu kwendawo eyonakeleyo, nto leyo ebangela ukuba kugqojwe ukugrunjwa. Ngexesha lokucubungula, ikholamu yombhobho engaphezulu kwendawo ebambekileyo kufuneka isuswe kwaye isingxobo sinokukhululwa kuphela emva kokuba isingxobo silungisiwe.