Izixhobo Eziphambili Zomngxuma: Isikhokelo Esipheleleyo Sokuhlela Nokusebenzisa IiRoller Cone Bits kunye neeDiamond Bits

Kwimisebenzi yokugrumba ioyile, i-drill bit sisixhobo esiphambili sokuqhekeza amatye, kwaye ukusebenza kwayo kuchaphazela ngokuthe ngqo ukusebenza kakuhle kokugrumba kunye neendleko. Ijongene neemeko zokwakheka ezinzima neziguquguqukayo, ukukhetha ngokuchanekileyo ii-roller cone bits kunye nee-diamond bits kube ngumsebenzi obalulekileyo kwiinjineli zokugrumba.

01 IiRoller Cone Bits: Izixhobo Ezininzi Ezizilungelelanisa NeeFomathi

Ukususela oko zaqaliswa ngo-1909, ii-roller cone bits ziye zaba lolona hlobo lwe-bit olusetyenziswa kakhulu ekubholeni okujikelezayo. Ulwakhiwo lwazo olukhethekileyo lwee-multi·cones luzivumela ukuba zilungelelanise neemeko ezahlukeneyo zokwakheka ukusuka kokuthambileyo ukuya kokulukhuni kakhulu.

Ulwakhiwo kunye neTekhnoloji ePhambili

I-roller cone bit iqulathe izinto ezintlanu eziphambili:

· Umzimba wesuntswana: Imilenze emithathu yekhoni idityaniswe kunye, kunye nomsonto wokudibanisa phezulu.

· Iikhowuni: Imizimba yesinyithi ethambileyo enamazinyo aqhekeziweyo okanye i-tungsten carbide inserts (TCI) phezu komhlaba.

· Inkqubo yokuthwala: Ibandakanya iiseti ezine zeebheringi: ezinkulu, eziphakathi, ezincinci kunye ne-thrust.

· Ii-nozzles: Ngokwesiqhelo ii-nozzles ezi-3·4 ezinobubanzi obuyi-7·14 mm.

· Inkqubo yokuthambisa kunye nokutywina: Izitywina zerabha okanye zesinyithi ezidityaniswe nesixhobo sokunciphisa uxinzelelo.

Itekhnoloji yesitywino sebheyireyi yinkqubela phambili ephambili kwiibhithi zekhowuni ezijikelezayo. Iibhithi zanamhlanje zisebenzisa inkqubo yokuthambisa ehlawulelwayo yoxinzelelo·egcina ibhalansi eguquguqukayo phakathi koxinzelelo lwe-lubricant kwigumbi lokuthwala kunye noxinzelelo lwekholamu yolwelo lokubhola emngxunyeni ongaphantsi ngokusebenzisa indlela yokudlulisela uxinzelelo, i-membrane yokunciphisa uxinzelelo kunye nekomityi yokuthambisa.

Inkqubo yoHlelo kunye neKhowudi ye-IADC

I-International Association of Drilling Contractors (IADC) imisele umgangatho wehlabathi wokwahlulahlula ii-roller cone bits, isebenzisa inkqubo yekhowudi enamanani amathathu:

· Inombolo yokuqala: Uhlobo lwamazinyo kunye nokwakheka kwawo okufanelekileyo

· 1: Izinyo elisikiweyo, ukwakheka okuthambileyo

· 2: Izinyo elisikiweyo, eliphakathi ukuya kweliphakathi · ukwakheka okuqinileyo

· 3: Amazinyo aqhekeziweyo, aqinileyo, arhabaxayo

· 5: I-TCI, ukwakheka okuthambileyo ukuya kokuphakathi

· 6: I-TCI, ukwakheka okuphakathi · okunzima

· 7: I-TCI, ukwakheka okuqinileyo nokurhabaxa

· 8: I-TCI, ukwakheka okunzima kakhulu, okurhabaxa kakhulu

· Inombolo yesibini: Ubunzima bokwakheka bungaphantsi kodidi (1·4, inani elikhulu libonisa ukwakheka okunzima)

· Inombolo yesithathu: Iimpawu zesakhiwo seBit

· 4: Ibheyari eqengqelekayo evaliweyo

· 6: Ibhereyitha yejenali evaliweyo

· 7: Ukhuseleko lwe-jenali evaliweyo kunye ne-gauge ene-TCI

· 8: Inxalenye yokuqala yemithombo ekhokelayo

Inkqubo yoHlelo lwe-IADC elula yeeRoller Cone Bits

Indlela Yokuqhekeza Amatye kunye Neempawu Zokuhamba

Xa i-roller cone bit isebenza, ibonisa iintshukumo ezintathu ezidibeneyo:

· Uguquko: Iikhowuni zijikeleza ngokwewotshi kunye nomzimba we-bit.

· Ukujikeleza: Amazinyo ajikeleza ngokuchasene newotshi ejikeleze i-axis yekhowuni.

· Ukutyibilika: Kubandakanya ukutyibilika kwe-radial kunye ne-tangential.

Le ntshukumo edibeneyo ivelisa isiphumo esiphindwe kabini sokuqhekeza ilitye:

1. Ukutyumza impact: Ukutshintshana kokuthintana kwamazinyo omnye kunye namazinyo amabini kudala ukungcangcazela okuthe nkqo, okuvelisa umthwalo wempact.

2. Ukucheba iisheyi: Kufezekiswa nge-overhang, offset kunye ne-multi-cone geometry, okuvumela ukucheba iitshe.

Icebo lokukhetha iiBit kunye nokuHlanganisa uBume

Imigaqo esisiseko yokukhetha iibhithi ze-roller cone ngokweempawu zelitye:

· Iifomyula ezithambileyo: Khetha iibhithi ezine-offset, overhang, kunye noyilo lweekhowuni ezininzi; zixhotyiswe ngamazinyo amade, abanzi, agudileyo okanye i-TCI.

· Ukwakheka okuphakathi okuqinileyo: Nciphisa ixabiso le-offset, overhang, kunye ne-multi-cone; sebenzisa amazinyo amafutshane, amxinwa, naphakathi.

· Iifomyula eziqinileyo nezirhabaxa: Sebenzisa i-geometry yekhowuni enye, akukho overhang, akukho offset; xhobisa nge-TCI engqukuva okanye engqukuva engqukuva.

· Iinxalenye ezigobileyo zemingxuma: Khetha izinti zamazinyo amafutshane ezinokhuseleko oluncinci okanye olungenalo i-offset kunye ne-gauge, kwaye ukhethe ezithambileyo kancinci kuneenxalenye zangempela.

· Iifomyula ezithambileyo neziqinileyo: Khetha i-bit ngokusekelwe kwilitye eliqinileyo, kwaye ulungise iiparameter zokubhola ngendlela eguquguqukayo.

Iimpendulo zeemeko ezikhethekileyo:

· Imingxunya emincinci (<177 mm): Sebenzisa iibhithi zekhowuni enye, ezineekhowuni ezinkulu, amazinyo kunye neebheringi ukuze ube namandla aphezulu.

· Ukubhola ngendlela eqondisayo: Khetha iibhithi ezine-IADC yenombolo yesithathu 8 (iibhithi zokuqala ezizinikeleyo).

02 IiDiamond Bits: Isixhobo Esigqibeleleyo Sokwenziwa Kwezinto Ezinzima

Idayimani inobunzima bendalo obuphezulu (ubulukhuni beMohs yi-10, amandla oxinzelelo afikelela kwi-8800 MPa, ukumelana nokuguguleka okuphindwe kayi-9000 kunentsimbi). Iibhithi zedayimani zisebenzisa olu phawu ukuze zibe sisixhobo sokugqibela sokujongana neendidi eziqinileyo.

Ukwahlulahlula kunye noTshintsho lweTekhnoloji

Iibhithi zedayimani zanamhlanje zahlulwe kakhulu zibe ziintlobo ezintathu:

1. Iibhithi zedayimani ezibekwe phezu komhlaba

· Amasuntswana edayimani abonakala kumphezulu wesithsaba.

· Ifanelekile kwiindlela eziphakathi neziqinileyo.

· Ukulinganiswa kobukhulu bedayimani:

· Iifomyula ezithambileyo: amatye ama-2/i-carat (malunga nobubanzi obuyi-4 mm)

· Iintlobo eziphakathi eziqinileyo: amatye ayi-3-4/carat (malunga ne-3.6 mm)

· Iifomyula eziqinileyo: 10‑15 amatye/i-carat (malunga ne-2.0 mm)

2. Iibhithi zedayimani ezifakwe emanzini

· Iidayimani ezifakwe kwi-matrix (amatye angama-60‑400/carat).

· Ifanelekile kwiindlela eziqinileyo nezirhabaxa (i-chert, i-siliceous dolomite, njl.njl.).

· Ukuzilola okufumaneka ngokuguguleka kwe-matrix.

3. Iibhithi zePDC (iPolycrystalline Diamond Compact)

· Yaqalwa ukwaziswa yiGeneral Electric ngo-1973.

· Ulwakhiwo lomsiki: umaleko wedayimani + isiseko sekhabhayithi ye-tungsten.

· Iifomyula ezisebenzayo: ezithambileyo ukuya kweziphakathi neziqinileyo ezifanayo.

Iiparamitha zoYilo kunye neZinto eziPhambili

Iibhithi zedayimani zinomzimba opheleleyo ongenazo iindawo ezihambayo, ikakhulu eziquka:

· Umzimba wentsimbi: Intsimbi yekhabhoni ephakathi, ingaphezulu enemisonto.

· I-Matrix: Umgubo we-tungsten carbide + isinyithi esisekelwe kubhedu, ubulukhuni be-HRC 30‑45.

· Izinto zokusika: Iidayimani zendalo/zokwenziwa okanye izicucu zePDC.

· Uyilo lweHydraulic: IiNozzles, iindlela zamanzi (i-radial, i-spiral, njl.njl.).

Iiparamitha eziphambili zoyilo:

· Uxinzelelo lwedayimani: Lungisa ngokwendlela ekwakhiwe ngayo ukurhawuzelela – uxinzelelo oluphezulu ukuze kubekho ukwakheka okurhawuzelela ngakumbi.

· Ukuphakama kokuvezwa:

· Iifomyula ezithambileyo: 1/3 yobubanzi bedayimani

· Iifomyula eziqinileyo: 1/6‑1/10 yobubanzi bedayimani

· Imilo yesithsaba: Ithe tyaba (iifomyula ezifanayo), ingqukuva (iifomyula eziqinileyo), igobile (iifomyula ezirhabaxa).

Indlela Yokuqhekeza Amatshe kunye Nempendulo Yokwakheka Kwawo

Indlela yokuqhekeza amatye yeebhithi zedayimani iyatshintsha ngokweempawu zokwakheka:

· Ukwakheka kweplastiki (ilitye lodaka, igypsum, njl.njl.) – Kufana nenkqubo “yokulima”; iidayimani zingena zize zibangele ukuhamba kweplastiki kweli litye.

· Iintlobo ezibhityileyo (ilitye lesanti le-quartz, njl.njl.) – Ivelisa imingxunya yokutyumza eyomeleleyo; ubungakanani beziqwenga buphindwe ka-2-4 kunokukhanya kwedayimani, busebenza kakuhle kakhulu.

· Amatye aqinileyo (itshe, ilitye le-siliceous) – Sebenzisa amaqhekeza afakwe emanzini; ukuqhekeza kwenziwa ngokusika nokukrwela, kufana nokugawula ngevili.

Iingenelo kunye nokuNciphiswa kweePDC Bits

Njengemveliso entsha kusapho lwe-diamond bit, ii-PDC bits zineengenelo ezikhethekileyo:

Iimpawu zesakhiwo:

· I-PDC bit yentsimbi: Intsimbi yekhabhoni ephakathi, eqiniswe ngumphezulu.

· I-PDC bit yomzimba we-matrix: Umzimba wentsimbi ephezulu kunye ne-tungsten carbide matrix esezantsi - ukusebenza ngcono.

Uyilo lweprofayili:

· Imifanekiso eqingqiweyo: Iifomyula ezithambileyo, iifootage eziphakamileyo, i-ROP ephezulu.

· Ingqukuva: Ifanelekile ukubhola itafile ejikelezayo, inceda ukungena kwiibhedi eziqinileyo.

· Ikhonikhi: Ukubhola ngesantya esiphezulu, ukungena kakuhle.

Imida:

· Ayifanelekanga kwiibhedi zegrabile okanye kwiindawo ezithambileyo neziqinileyo ezidityanisiweyo.

· Umlinganiselo wobushushu (ngaphezu kwama-350°C ukuguguleka kuyakhawuleza; xa amandla e-700°C ayaphela).

· Ukumelana okuncinci kweempembelelo; izixhobo zokusika ezintsha zinobunzima bokuqhekeka komphetho.

Uthelekiso lweDiamond Bit Applicability ngokweFormation

03 Isikhokelo soKhetho lweSayensi: Ulungelelwaniso loBume kunye neemfuno zokusebenza

Imithetho yeGolide yoKhetho lweeBit zeRoller Cone

1. Ukuhambelana kobulukhuni bokwakheka

· Iifomyula ezithambileyo: khetha iinxalenye ezinamazinyo aphezulu axhonyiweyo, axhonyiweyo, aneekhowuni ezininzi, kunye namazinyo amile okwe-wedge okanye amile okwe-scoop.

· Iintlobo eziqinileyo: sebenzisa i-single-cone, akukho offset, kunye namazinyo angqukuva okanye angqukuva.

2. Ukuphatha ukurhawuzelela

· Kwimilo erhabaxa, khetha ii-TCI bits ezine-gauge protection.

· Ukuba amazinyo angaphandle angqukuva ngelixa amazinyo angaphakathi engagugi kakhulu, yongeza ukhuseleko lwegeyiji kwinxalenye elandelayo.

3. Iimpendulo zeemeko ezikhethekileyo

· Iintlobo ezigobileyo ezigobileyo: khetha izinyo ezimfutshane ezineenxalenye ezincinci okanye ezingenazo; khetha ezithambileyo kancinci kuneentlobo zoqobo.

· Iileya ezithambileyo neziqinileyo ezidityanisiweyo: khetha i-bit ngokusekelwe kwilitye eliqinileyo, lungisa iiparameter ngendlela eguquguqukayo.

· Iindawo ezinzulu: khetha iindawo ezinevidiyo ephezulu ukuze ubuyisele ixesha elilahlekileyo.

Icebo Lokukhetha I-Diamond Bit

1. Ungazisebenzisa nini ii-PDC bits

· Eyona ndlela ifanelekileyo yokusebenzisa: iifom ezinde ezithambileyo neziqinileyo ezilinganayo (i-shale, i-mudstone, i-gypsum, njl.njl.).

· Usetyenziso olungavumelekanga: iibhedi zegrabile, ii-chert interlayers, ii-soft-hard interlayers formations.

· Useto lweparameter: i-WOB ephantsi (30‑60 kN), i-RPM ephezulu (100‑300 rpm), isantya sokuhamba kwamanzi esiphezulu.

2. Ungazisebenzisa nini iibhithi zedayimani zendalo/zokwenziwa

· Iifomyula ezinzima ukuya kweziqinileyo (igranite, isanti ye-quartz, njl.njl.).

· Iifomyula ezirhabaxa kakhulu (i-chert, i-siliceous dolomite).

· Ukugrumba nge-turbo, imingxuma enzulu nenzulu kakhulu, imisebenzi yokubopha.

3. Iimfuno ezikhethekileyo zeebhithi ze-coring

· Iibhithi ze-roller cone coring: uyilo lweekhowuni ezine (eziyi-conical/cylindrical) okanye ezi-six cones (eziyi-full barrel).

· Iibhiti zedayimani ezigobileyo: izicuthi mazilungelelaniswe ngokulinganayo kwaye zikwazi ukumelana nokuguguleka rhoqo.

· Isalathisi esibalulekileyo: umngxuma wangaphakathi oxineneyo kunye nobubanzi bangaphandle ukuze kuthintelwe umbindi we-elliptical.

Ukuxilongwa kunye nokuphathwa kwe-Downhole Anomaly

Ukuchonga iimeko zokusebenza kweebhithi ze-roller cone:

· Ukungasebenzi kakuhle kweebheringi: Itafile ejikelezayo ejikelezayo iyagxumagxuma, iba mandundu xa iphantsi kwe-WOB ephezulu, i-ROP iyehla kodwa uxinzelelo lwepompo luqhelekile.

· Ikhowuni elahlekileyo: Ukuguquguquka okukhulu kwe-torque, isalathisi sobunzima sijika ngokukhawuleza, ubude bentambo butshintsha xa buthathwa.

· Amazinyo agugileyo: Umthwalo wetafile ejikelezayo unciphile, akukho kugxuma, ukwehla kwe-ROP ngokukhawuleza.

Izithintelo zokusetyenziswa kweebhiti zedayimani:

· Umngxuma ongezantsi kufuneka ucoceke ngaphambi kokuba ungene emngxunyeni; qinisekisa ukuba akukho nkunkuma yesinyithi.

· Qala ukubhola nge-WOB ekhaphukhaphu, i-RPM ephantsi ukuze “ungene” (ukujonga umngxuma ongaphantsi kwe-0.5 m).

· Kuphephe ukuphinda-phinda; ukuba kuyimfuneko, sebenzisa i-WOB elula, i-RPM ephantsi, kunye nokusebenza okuzinzileyo.

04 Iindlela Eziphambili Neengongoma Zokuziqhelanisa Nentsimi

Izikhokelo zobuchule bokutsha

Itekhnoloji yokubhola iijethi ezinoxinzelelo oluphezulu:

· Isebenzisa iijethi zoxinzelelo oluphezulu kakhulu (150‑200 MPa) ukunceda ukuqhekeza amatye.

· Izinto eziqinisa umbane phantsi kwemingxuma zizinto ezijongwa kakhulu kwi-R&D; uvavanyo lubonisa ukuba i-ROP inokunyuka ngokuphindwe ka-3‑5.

· Imingeni yobuchwephesha ibandakanya ukuvalwa koxinzelelo oluphezulu kakhulu kunye nokudluliselwa koxinzelelo.

Iinkqubo zebit ezikrelekrele:

· Izinzwa ezifakiweyo zijonga imeko yebhithi ngexesha langempela.

· Uhlengahlengiso oluhambelanayo lweeparamitha zokusika ukuze zihambelane notshintsho lokwakheka.

· Uhlalutyo lwedatha enkulu ukuze kuphuculwe ukukhethwa kweebhithi kwaye kuqikelelwe ubomi benkonzo.

Imithetho yeGolide eNtsimini

1. Ukugqiba ukuba uza kuphuma nini emngxunyeni

· Ukwehla kwe-ROP okuqhubekayo (kwiindlela ezifanayo).

· Ukuhla kwe-ROP ngequbuliso kunye namanyathelo okulungisa angasebenziyo (utshintsho lokwakheka).

· Ukunyuka kwe-torque ngokukhawuleza okuhamba nokuwa kwe-ROP (umonakalo we-bit).

· Ukuhla koxinzelelo lwepompo ngequbuliso (umlomo olahlekileyo okanye umtya wokubhola ohlanjiweyo).

2. Amanyathelo okwandisa ubomi be-bit

· Sebenzisa i-bit entsha ene-WOB ekhanyayo kunye ne-RPM ephantsi ukuze ungene.

· Sebenzisa i-bit protector (isixhobo esithintela ukutsiba).

· Uhambo olufutshane lwamaxesha athile ukuze kususwe inkunkuma engaphantsi komngxuma.

· Kuphephe ukujikeleza kakhulu ezantsi.

3. Uhlalutyo lwezoqoqosho

· Bala iindleko ngemitha = (indleko yebhithi + iindleko zexesha lokubhoboza) / i-footage.

· Nangona iibhithi zePDC zinexabiso eliphezulu leyunithi, kwiindlela ezifanelekileyo ibhithi enye yePDC inokugqobhoza i-footage ephindwe kathathu kahlanu kunebhithi ye-roller cone.

· Kwiindawo ezinzulu, beka phambili iinxalenye ezinevidiyo ephezulu ukuze kulungiswe ilahleko yexesha elilahlekileyo.

Ukukhetha i-bit bubuchwepheshe obuchanekileyo obudibanisa ithiyori yesayensi kunye namava entsimi. Ii-roller cone bits, ezinokuguquguquka okubanzi, zihlala ziluhlobo lwe-bit oluqhelekileyo namhlanje. Ii-diamond bits, ngakumbi ii-PDC bits, zibonisa ukusebenza kakuhle okungenakuthelekiswa nanto kwiindlela ezithile.

Ukuqonda kakuhle inkqubo yokwahlulahlula i-IADC, ukuqonda iindlela zokuqhekeza ii-bits ezahlukeneyo, kunye nokuvavanya ngokupheleleyo i-lithology, uqwalaselo lwe-wellbore kunye neemfuno zokusebenza kuya kufezekisa ukuhambelana okugqibeleleyo phakathi kwe-bit kunye nokwakheka. Ngokusebenzisa ii-downhole sensors, i-big data analytics kunye ne-artificial intelligence, ukhetho lwe-bit lusuka kwizigqibo ezisekelwe kumava ukuya kwi-intelligence ngokuchanekileyo, nto leyo eqhuba rhoqo uphuculo oluguqukayo ekusebenzeni kakuhle kokubhola.

Unxibelelwano: Jessie Zhou

Ifowuni/I-Whatsapp:+0086-18109206861

Email: energy@landrilltools.com