Ubuchwepheshe bokubhola kunye neMveliso | Yintoni isantya sokubhola - Izixhobo ezikhulayo? Ungawuphucula njani ngempumelelo umsebenzi wokubhola kunye nokunciphisa iindleko?

1Isantya sokubhola isikrufu esiphakamileyo – esimelana nobushushu obuphezulu – esilinganayo – esinobukhulu bodonga – iteknoloji eyonyusayo

Isikrufu sobukhulu bodonga esimelana nobushushu obuphezulu sisixhobo esonyusa isantya esenzelwe ngokukodwa ukuhlangabezana neemfuno zokusebenza okuphezulu kunye nokuthembeka okuphezulu kwishishini lokugrumba. Ngexesha lokusetyenziswa kwezikrufu zokugrumba zendabuko, ngenxa yendawo enobushushu obuphezulu kunye neemeko zokusebenza ezinzima, ukonakala okukhulu kunye nokonakala kokudinwa kuhlala kwenzeka, okukhokelela ekunciphiseni ukusebenza kakuhle kokugrumba. Nangona kunjalo, isikrufu sobukhulu bodonga esimelana nobushushu obuphezulu sinokumelana okuhle kakhulu nobushushu obuphezulu, esinokugcina iipropati zoomatshini ezizinzileyo kwindawo enobushushu obuphezulu, sinciphise ukusilela kwezixhobo okubangelwa kubushushu obuphezulu, kwaye ngaloo ndlela siphucule isantya sokugrumba.

1.1 Umgaqo woBugcisa

Imoto engaphantsi komhlaba iqhuba ngqo i-drill bit ukuze iqhekeze ilitye kunye ne-drill, enokudlulisela amandla kwi-drill bit ngokufanelekileyo, inciphise ukulahleka kwamandla, kwaye iphucule ukusebenza kwezixhobo ezingaphantsi komhlaba. Oku kungenxa yokuba i-motor iqhuba ngqo i-drill bit, enokuthintela ukulahleka kwamandla okubangelwa kukulahleka kwenkqubo yokudlulisa, ukuze kusetyenziswe amandla amaninzi ekuqhekezeni ilitye - ukuqhekeza, ukuphucula isantya sokubhola kunye nokusebenza kakuhle. Ukuphucula ngakumbi ukumelana nobushushu obuphezulu kwezixhobo, isikrufu sobukhulu bodonga esimelana nobushushu obuphezulu sisebenzisa izixhobo ezikhethekileyo ezimelana nobushushu obuphezulu kunye nobuchwepheshe bonyango lomphezulu. Umzekelo, intsimbi ye-alloy ephezulu isetyenziswa njengesixhobo esiphambili, okanye umphezulu wesixhobo uphantsi konyango lobushushu okanye unyango lwe-coating ukuphucula ukumelana nobushushu obuphezulu kwezixhobo. Ekubeni i-stator isebenzisa igobolondo lentsimbi elenziwe kwangaphambili elinesimo esithile se-cross - section, ize emva koko ifakwe iglu ukwenza umaleko werabha obhityileyo nolinganayo - ubukhulu, i-motor inomphumo omkhulu we-torque kwaye inokuzivumelanisa neemeko ezahlukeneyo zejoloji ezinzima. Olu lwakhiwo lwenza umsantsa phakathi kwe-stator kunye ne-rotor yemoto ube mncinci, ngaloo ndlela kunciphisa ukungqubana kunye nokuguguleka, kwaye kuphuculwe ubomi benkonzo kunye nokuthembeka kwezixhobo. Esi sixhobo sikwasebenzisa indlela yokunciphisa ukutshixa okanye ukungqubana ngoomatshini ukuphucula ukuchaneka kokujikeleza kunye nokuzinza kwezixhobo, kunye nokuthintela ukwehla kokusebenza kakuhle kokugrumba okubangelwa kukungcangcazela kwezikrufu okanye ukungaqhelekanga.

1.2 Uhlalutyo lokuZiqhelanisa

Ngokuphathelele ukusebenza, isikrufu sobukhulu bodonga esimelana nobushushu obuphezuluisixhobo sokugrumbaAyinazo nje kuphela iimpawu zeemoto zesikrufu eziqhelekileyo, kodwa ikwanazo neempawu ze-torque enkulu, ukuqalisa okulula, kunye nokumelana nokugqithisa okunamandla, okwenza ukuba ifaneleke ngakumbi kwimisebenzi yokugrumba kwiindawo ezinzulu zobushushu obuphezulu. Ngokusebenzisa isikrufu esithe tye esinesixhobo sokugrumba esincinci se-pendulum kwiindawo eziphantsi zobunzulu, isantya esiphezulu sokugrumba sinokufezekiswa ngoxinzelelo oluphantsi lokugrumba, kwaye isiphumo esibalulekileyo sokunciphisa nokuthintela ukuphambuka sinokufezekiswa. Kwangaxeshanye, uyilo lwesikrufu esithe tye lunokubonelela ngamandla enkxaso azinzileyo ukuthintela i-drill bit ukuba ingaphambuki kwiindawo eziphantsi zobunzulu, ngaloo ndlela kuphuculwe uzinzo lokugrumba. Zombini uphando lwethiyori kunye nokusetyenziswa kwendawo zibonisa ukuba itekhnoloji yokugrumba ekhawulezayo esebenzisa izikrufu ezinobukhulu obulinganayo nobushushu obuphezulu zinokunyusa kakhulu isantya sokujikeleza se-drill bit ezantsi komthombo, zilungelelane nendawo yobushushu obuphezulu bomngxuma ongaphantsi, kwaye ziphucule ngokufanelekileyo ulawulo lomgangatho we-wellbore. Kwangaxeshanye, inokunciphisa umthwalo we-drive ephezulu kunye ne-torque yesixhobo sokugrumba, kwaye yandise ubomi benkonzo yesixhobo sokugrumba. Xa kuthelekiswa nesixhobo sokugrumba sePDC esiqhelekileyo, le ndlela inokuphucula kakhulu ukusebenza kakuhle kokugrumba kwaye ibonise iziphumo ezibalaseleyo kwezoqoqosho nakwezobuchwepheshe.

2Isantya seBit yeDayimane eTyibilisiweyo kunye neTurbine – Ubuchwepheshe obukhulayo

I-turbodrill sisixhobo samandla esingaphantsi komhlaba esinokuguqula amandla e-hydraulic olwelo abe ngamandla oomatshini ajikelezayo, ngaloo ndlela siqhube i-drill bit ukuba ijikeleze kwaye ichaphazele, kwaye ifezekise ukubhola okukhawulezayo nokusebenzayo. Ngokuyintloko yenziwe ngamacandelo amathathu: icandelo le-turbine, i-universal shaft, kunye ne-transmission shaft. I-inpregnated diamond bit luhlobo lwe-diamond bit. I-matrix yayo yenziwe ngokutshiza amasuntswana e-polycrystalline edayimani ngaphandle kwe-matrix, okwenza i-bit ibe nolaka ngakumbi. I-matrix inokuphakama okuthile, ububanzi bayo bangaphandle bukhulu kancinci kunobubanzi bangaphandle bomzimba we-bit, kwaye ububanzi bayo bangaphakathi buncinci kancinci kunobubanzi bangaphakathi bomzimba we-bit. Icala langaphandle, icala langaphakathi, kunye nezantsi le-matrix zonke zibonelelwe ngemijelo yamanzi yokukhupha iziqwenga zamatye kwaye zipholise i-bit ngokusebenzisa ulwelo oluhlanjwayo. I-matrix inamandla aneleyo okucinezela kunye nefuthe, kunye nobunzima obuphezulu kunye nokumelana nokuguguleka. I-turbodrill kunye ne-inpregnated diamond bit zizixhobo ezibalulekileyo kwinkqubo yokubhola ioyile, kwaye ukusetyenziswa kwazo ngokudibeneyo kunokuphucula ukusebenza kakuhle kokubhola kunye nomgangatho wokubhola.

2.1 Umgaqo woBugcisa

Icandelo le-turbine licandelo eliphambili le-turbodrill, elakhiwe zii-turbine stators kunye nee-rotors, ii-centralizing bearings, ii-main shafts, kunye nee-casings. Ingaguqula amandla olwelo lolwelo lokomba abe ngamandla oomatshini okujikeleza kwe-main shaft. Ulwakhiwo lwayo lwangaphakathi luquka amanqanaba amaninzi ee-stators kunye nee-rotors ezidibeneyo. Xa ulwelo lokomba lungena kwi-stator ecaleni kwesixhobo sokomba, i-stator iya kukhokela ulwelo lokomba ukuba lube necala elithile kunye nesantya, ize ingene kwi-rotor. Kwi-rotor, ulwelo lokomba luya kuchaphazela ii-blades ukuze kuveliswe umahluko othile woxinzelelo, oya kubangela ukuba i-rotor ijikeleze. Ngale ndlela, amandla olwelo lokomba aguqulwa abe ngamandla oomatshini aqhuba i-turbine shaft ukuba ijikeleze.

Indlela ephambili yokuqhekeza ilitye le-diamond bit efakwe kwi-abrasive rock breaking, oko kukuthi, ukusebenzisa amasuntswana edayimani ukugquma, ukukrwela, nokukrazula ilitye rhoqo phantsi kwesenzo samandla e-axial kunye ne-torque, ukuze kufezekiswe injongo yokuqhekeza ilitye. I-diamond bit ikakhulu esebenzisa le ndlela yokuqhekeza ilitye inokumelana nokuguguleka okuphezulu, okunokujongana ngempumelelo namatye arhabaxa kakhulu kwiindawo ezirhabaxa ezinzima kakhulu, kwaye kuphuculwe ukusebenza kakuhle kokugrumba kunye nobomi benkonzo ye-drill bit.

2.2 Uhlalutyo lokuZiqhelanisa

I-turbodrill kunye ne-diamond bit efakwe kwi-inpregnated isebenzisa isakhiwo sesinyithi esipheleleyo, esinokumelana nobushushu obuphezulu kunye nesiphumo sokugrumba esizinzileyo, esivumela ukuba sisebenze ngokuzinzileyo nakwiindawo ezixineneyo. Oku kubaluleke kakhulu kwimisebenzi yokugrumba yemingxuma enzulu kunye nemingxuma enzulu kakhulu. Olu didi lwezixhobo lunentsebenzo entle kakhulu ye-axial balance, enokunciphisa ukungcangcazela ecaleni, ivelise indlela egudileyo ye-wellbore, inciphise umonakalo eludongeni lwemingxuma, ngaloo ndlela ikhusela i-drill bit kunye nezinye izixhobo ezingaphantsi komhlaba, kwaye iluncedo kwimisebenzi elandelayo. Ngenxa yeempawu zokujikeleza ngesantya esiphezulu se-turbodrill, indibaniselwano ye-diamond bit efakwe kwi-inpregnated kunye ne-turbine ekhawulezayo kakhulu inokusebenzisa ukusebenza kakuhle kokugrumba kwiindawo ezinzulu ezinobunzima obuphezulu kunye nokurhawuzelela okunamandla, kwaye iphucule kakhulu amandla okugrumba.

3Isantya sokubhola iTorque Impactor – Ubuchwepheshe obukhulayo

I-torque impactor sisixhobo samandla esicocekileyo soomatshini esisetyenziselwa ikakhulu ukuqhekeza amatye ancedisayo kwiibhithi zePDC. Esi sixhobo senza i-pressure drop down nge-variable - flow nozzle, senza indawo enoxinzelelo oluphezulu kunye nendawo enoxinzelelo oluphantsi ngaphakathi kuso. Xa umahluko woxinzelelo usebenza kwisixhobo, i-flow channel iyatshintsha ukuze i-impact hammer kunye ne-starting hammer ngaphakathi kwesixhobo zibuyele umva ngesantya esiphezulu. I-impact hammer iyaqhubeka nokuchaphazela umphezulu we-impact, ngaloo ndlela idlulisela amandla e-impact kwi-drill bit, yenze i-high - frequency pulse torque. Iguqula ngobuchule amandla e-fluid olwelo lokubhola abe ngamandla e-torsional, high - frequency, i-uniform, kunye ne-stalistic mechanical impact energy kwaye iwathumela ngqo kwi-PDC bit, igcina i-drill bit kunye nezantsi lomthombo ziqhubeka ngamaxesha onke.

3.1 Umgaqo woBugcisa

Amandla empembelelo azinzileyo angama-750 amaxesha/min ukuya kwi-1500 amaxesha/min anikezelwa yi-torque impactor alingana nokusika ukwakheka amaxesha amaninzi ngomzuzu. Oku kwenza i-drill bit ikwazi ukusika ukwakheka ngaphandle kokulinda i-torsion iqokelele amandla aneleyo, nto leyo etshintsha ngokupheleleyo imeko yokusebenza kwe-drill bit. Ngeli xesha, i-drill bit inamandla amabini okusika ukwakheka: enye yi-torque enikezelwa yitafile ejikelezayo, kwaye enye ngamandla empembelelo anikezelwa yi-torque impactor. La mandla mabini adluliselwa ngqo kwi-drill bit ngokwayo, ukuze i-torque edluliselwa yipayipi yokumba ingasetyenziswa ngokupheleleyo ekusikeni ukwakheka ngaphandle kwenkunkuma. Isenzo esidibeneyo sale torque kunye namandla empembelelo asinakuphucula kuphela isantya sokumba, kodwa sikwanciphisa okanye sisuse ngempumelelo ukungcangcazela okuyingozi kwe-drill bit ngexesha lokumba kwiindawo eziqinileyo, sikhusele i-drill bit, sandise ubomi benkonzo ye-drill bit, kwaye kwangaxeshanye sinciphise amandla okudinwa kwezinye izixhobo zokumba kwaye sandise ubomi benkonzo bezinye izixhobo zokumba. Umfanekiso 1 ubonisa imeko yoxinzelelo lomtya wokumba ongaphantsi kwesixhobo sokumba esiqhelekileyo kunye ne-torque impactor.

3.2 Uhlalutyo lokuZiqhelanisa

Njengesixhobo sokugrumba esiphucukileyo, i-torque impactor inesakhiwo esifanelekileyo sangaphakathi soomatshini, ayinazo iindawo zerabha kunye nezinto ze-elektroniki, kwaye inazo iindawo ezimbalwa. Nokuba iyasilela, ilingana kuphela ne-drill bit sub ejikelezayo rhoqo kunye ne-PDC bit ngaphandle kokuchaphazela ukugrumba okuqhubekayo, kwaye akukho mfuneko yokukhubeka kwi-drill, ngoko ke inokuthembeka okuphezulu. I-torque impactor ifanelekile kwiindlela ezahlukeneyo ezintsonkothileyo, ngakumbi ii-igneous rock formations ezine-abrasive enamandla kunye ne-drillability ephantsi. Kwangaxeshanye, isixhobo kulula ukusisebenzisa. Xa usebenzisa i-torque impactor, kufuneka iqhagamshelwe ngqo kwisixhobo sokugrumba esijikelezayo okanye esibhekisa kwicala, esilula nesilula ukusisebenzisa.

4I-Compound Impactor

I-compound impactor sisixhobo sokugrumba esiphucukileyo esinesixhobo sokuguqula amandla esiyilwe ngaphakathi, esinokuguqula amandla olwelo lolwelo lokugrumba abe ngamandla okubetha kwe-pulse, ngaloo ndlela sivelise amandla azinzileyo okujikeleza okuphezulu kunye namandla okubetha kwe-axial. Le ndlela yokusebenza iphucula kakhulu ukusebenza kakuhle kwe-drill bit, isombulula ngempumelelo iingxaki zokubamba i-stick-slip kunye noxinzelelo ngexesha lokugrumba, kwaye ngaloo ndlela ifezekisa injongo yokwanda kwesantya. I-compound impactor ayinazo nje kuphela iimpawu zokubetha kwe-torsional kunye neenzuzo ze-torque impactor, kodwa ikwadibanisa ngokuyila umsebenzi wokubetha kwe-axial..

i-compound impactor

4.1 Umgaqo woBugcisa

Ulwakhiwo lwangaphakathi lwe-compound impactor lwenziwe ngoomatshini besinyithi abacocekileyo. Iguqula amandla olwelo lolwelo lokubhola abe ngamandla aphezulu ajikelezayo nazinzileyo kunye namandla empembelelo ye-axial ngokusebenzisa indlela yokubuyisela umva. Ngexesha lenkqubo yokubhola yendibano yesixhobo sokubhola esiqhelekileyo, emva kokuba i-PDC bit ingene ekwakhiweni, ukuqokelelwa kwamandla kwesixhobo sokubhola esingaphezulu kufuneka kudlule ixabiso elithile elibalulekileyo ukuqala ukuqhekeza ilitye. Ngokwahlukileyo koko, i-compound impactor iguqula amandla olwelo lolwelo lokubhola abe ngamandla empembelelo, inika amandla aphezulu ajikelezayo kunye namandla azinzileyo e-drill bit. Ngale ndlela, uxinzelelo lokuqhekeza ilitye lunokufikelela ngokukhawuleza kuxinzelelo olubalulekileyo lokucheba ukwakheka, luphucula kakhulu ukusebenza kakuhle kokucheba kwe-PDC bit. Kwangaxeshanye, ngenxa yokunciphisa ukuguquguquka koxinzelelo lokuqhekeza ilitye kunye ne-torque, kuyanceda ukuba i-drill bit yenze ukusika okufanayo ezantsi komthombo, isuse uxinzelelo oluphezulu kakhulu olukhawulezileyo kwi-PDC bit phantsi kwezixhobo zokubhola eziqhelekileyo. Ke ngoko, uxinzelelo kwi-drill bit luba lufana ngakumbi kwaye luzinzile, ngaloo ndlela lwandisa ubomi benkonzo ye-PDC bit kwaye lonyusa i-footage yokusebenza ye-drill bit enye.

4.2 Uhlalutyo lokuZiqhelanisa

Xa kuthelekiswa ne-torque impactor, i-compound impactor yonyusa amandla e-longitudinal impact. Ngokwethiyori, ukusebenza kwayo ngokuqhekeza ilitye kuphezulu, kwaye ifanelekile ngakumbi ukusetyenziswa kwiindawo eziqinileyo. Phantsi kobukhulu obufanayo, uxinzelelo olufanelekileyo lokubhola lwe-compound impactor luphezulu kancinci kunolo lwe-torque impactor. Kwi-compound impactor, i-drill bit esetyenzisiweyo kufuneka ibe nokumelana okunamandla kwe-impact, kwaye kukho amazinyo afunxayo asasazeke ecaleni kwamazinyo aphambili okusika e-drill bit, ekhusela ngokufanelekileyo i-drill bit. Xa ubhoboza kwiindawo eziqinileyo kunye neendawo ezirhabaxa kakhulu, ukukhetha ii-HPM series PDC bits kunokufezekisa ulungelelwaniso olugqibeleleyo phakathi kwesantya sokubhoboza kunye ne-footage.

5Izigqibo kunye namathemba

Eli nqaku lifunda kwaye lazisa isantya sokugrumba esiqhelekileyo - izixhobo ezonyusayo. Ngokuhlalutya imigaqo, iimpawu, kunye neendlela zokusetyenziswa kwezi zixhobo, iziphumo zibonisa ukuba iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zesantya sokugrumba - izixhobo ezonyusayo zifanelekile kwiimeko ezahlukeneyo zejoloji kunye neemfuno zokugrumba. Kwangaxeshanye, ngenxa yeendleko ezahlukeneyo zokusetyenziswa kwezixhobo ezahlukeneyo, ukukhethwa kwesantya sokugrumba - izixhobo ezonyusayo nazo kufuneka ziqwalaselwe ngokwembono yezoqoqosho.

Kwiphando lwexesha elizayo, kucetyiswa ukuba kwenziwe kwezi nkalo zilandelayo: funda ngakumbi indlela yokusebenza yesantya sokugrumba - ukwandisa izixhobo, ukuphucula uyilo lwezixhobo, kunye nokuphucula ukuguquguquka kwazo kunye nokusebenza kwazo kakuhle; dibanisa ubuchwepheshe obufana nobukrelekrele bokwenziwa kunye nedatha enkulu ukuze kufezekiswe ubukrelekrele kunye nokubeka esweni isantya sokugrumba kude - ukwandisa izixhobo, kunye nokuphucula ukhuseleko kunye nokusebenza kakuhle kwemisebenzi yokugrumba; ukwandisa ukusetyenziswa kwesantya sokugrumba - ukwandisa izixhobo kwezinye iindawo, ezifana nemithombo yamanzi, imithombo yegesi, kunye nemithombo ye-geothermal, ukuhlangabezana neemfuno zophuhliso loluntu noqoqosho.

Uqhagamshelwano: Jessie Zhou

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