Ukhuseleko Lokugrumba Aluyonto Ingacacanga! Imibuzo Neempendulo Ezi-4 Zamva Nje Ngobuchwepheshe Bokugrumba Obusebenzayo - Yijonge Ngoku!

Iinkcukacha zimisela impumelelo okanye ukungaphumeleli, ingakumbi kwishishini lokugrumba. Ukugrumba ioyile ngumsebenzi onobungozi obukhulu kwaye onzima, kwaye yonke inkqubo yokusebenza ibalulekile kukhuseleko nempumelelo yomsebenzi wonke wokugrumba. Njengabasebenzi abaphambili bobuchwephesha kwindawo yokugrumba, ukubekwa emgangathweni kokusebenza kwabagrumba kunye nobuchule bobuchwephesha kuchaphazela ngokuthe ngqo ukusebenza kakuhle kunye namazinga eengozi.

1. Zithini izinto eziphambili ezisetyenziswa zizixhobo zokulawula imithombo?

(1) Thintela ukuqhushumba: Gcina uxinzelelo lwekholamu yolwelo olumileyo lolwelo lokugrumba kwindawo yomthombo luphezulu kancinci kunoxinzelelo lokwakheka ukuze kuthintelwe iimeko zokuqhushumba.

(2) Fumana ukukhaba ngexesha elifanelekileyo: Jonga imithombo yeoyile negesi ukuze ubone iimpawu zokuqhushumba kwangoko kwaye uthathe amanyathelo okulawula ngokukhawuleza.

(3) Lawula ngokukhawuleza ukuqhushumba: Emva kokuba kukhatywe, kukhatywe umthombo, okanye kuqhushumbe, vala umthombo ngokukhawuleza, qalisa imisebenzi yokubulala, kwaye umisele kwakhona ulawulo loxinzelelo phezu komthombo weoyile negesi.

(4) Ukujongana neemeko ezinzima: Yenza imisebenzi yokulwa nomlilo kunye nohlangulo olungxamisekileyo xa umthombo weoyile negesi ungalawuleki.

2. Zithini imisebenzi ye-choke manifold?

(1) Sebenzisa imisebenzi yokubulala ngokusebenzisa i-throttling effect yevalvu yokutshixa ukuze kususwe ulwelo lokugrumba olungcolisiweyo emngxunyeni, ngelixa ulawula uxinzelelo lwe-wellhead casing kunye noxinzelelo lwe-standpipe, ubuyisela ulawulo loxinzelelo lwekholamu yolwelo lokugrumba kumngxuma ongezantsi, kwaye uyeke ukukhaba.

(2) Nciphisa uxinzelelo lwentloko yomngxuma ngokusebenzisa umsebenzi wokunciphisa uxinzelelo lwevalvu yokukrwitshwa ukuze ufumane "ukuvalwa okuthambileyo".

(3) Nciphisa uxinzelelo lwe-wellhead casing ngokusebenzisa umsebenzi omkhulu wokukhupha ivalvu yokuthintela ukuqhushumba ukuze ukhusele i-BOP stack ye-wellhead.

3. Kutheni umthombo kufuneka uvalwe ngokukhawuleza xa kubhaqwa ukukhaba?

(1) Lawula intloko yomthombo ukuze kube lula ukulawula uxinzelelo lomthombo ngokukhuselekileyo.

(2) Nqanda ukungena rhoqo kolwelo oluvela kwi-wellbor.

(3) Gcina ubungakanani obaneleyo bolwelo lokugrumba kwindawo yomthombo ukuze kuncitshiswe uxinzelelo lwekhava ngexesha lokuvalwa kwemithombo kunye nemisebenzi yokubulala.

(4) Bala ngokuchanekileyo uxinzelelo lokwakheka kunye noxinano lolwelo lokubhola. Ngokwe-AQ 2083-2025, ixesha lokuphendula kwenkqubo yokulawula iqula kufuneka libe yimizuzwana eyi-≤15 (ukuvalwa kwequla okukrelekrele), kwaye kufuneka kubekwe iliso kwiiparameter ezininzi (i-alamu ivulwa xa umahluko wokuhamba kwamanzi ≥10% okanye utshintsho lomthamo womngxuma ≥2m³).

4. Zeziphi iindawo ekufuneka zihlolwe xa ubushushu bebheyira yepompo yokubhola buphezulu kakhulu?

(1) Jonga ukuba imingxunya yeoyile yokuthambisa yebheriya ivaliwe na ukuqinisekisa ukuba imijelo yokuthambisa ayithintelwanga;

(2) Hlola ukuba ioyile yokuthambisa icocekile, yanele na, kwaye ukuba umgangatho weoyile wonakele okanye ungcolisiwe;

(3) Jonga ukuba ibheri ngokwayo yonakele, inamathele, okanye yonakele kakhulu. Ukongeza, hlola ukuba ukufakwa kwebheri kuqinile kakhulu okanye kukhululekile, ukuba ukuphambuka kwe-coaxiality kugqithisile, ukuba umthwalo wezixhobo kunye nesantya sokujikeleza sidlula umgangatho, kwaye ukuba iimeko zokusasaza ubushushu zilungile na.

Iinkcukacha zimisela impumelelo okanye ukungaphumeleli kwemisebenzi yokugrumba. Yonke imisebenzi kufuneka ilandele ngokungqongqo iinkqubo kwaye yenziwe ngendlela esemgangathweni ukuze kupheliswe iimpazamo zokusebenza "zokusika inyathelo", kwaye kuqinisekiswe ngokubambisana ukuba imisebenzi yokugrumba iqhutywa ngokukhuselekileyo nangokufanelekileyo.