Ibhulorho yesanti yokubhola ebambekileyo kunye nonyango lwengozi

Ibhulorho yesanti ebambekileyo ikwabizwa ngokuba yi-sand setting ebambekileyo, indalo yayo ifana nokuwa, kwaye umonakalo wayo ungaphezulu kunowokunamathela ebambekileyo.

1. Isizathu sokwakheka kwebhulorho yesanti

(1) Kulula ukwenzeka xa kugrunjwa ngamanzi acocekileyo ngendlela ethambileyo;
(2) Ingxolo yomphezulu incinci kakhulu, kwaye imicu ethambileyo iyabonakala kakhulu;
(3) Ukongeza i-flocculant egqithisileyo kulwelo lokugrumba;
(4) isantya sokubhola ngoomatshini siyakhawuleza, ukufuduka kolwelo lokubhola akukwazi ukuqhubeka;
(5) Tshintsha inkqubo yolwelo lokugrumba yokuqala equleni, okanye utshintshe kakhulu ukusebenza kolwelo lokugrumba;

Ingxaki yokunamathela kwebhulorho yesanti

(1) Akukho manzi okugrumba abuyiselwa entloko yomthombo ngexesha lokugrumba okanye ulwelo lokugrumba lubuyiselwa umva kwi-tumbhobho wokubhola;

(2) Ukumelana kwezixhobo zokubhola kukumelana okuthambileyo, kwaye akukho ukumelana okuqinileyo okukhawulezileyo pioyile;

(3) Ukuba ibhulorho yesantikwenzeka ngexesha lokubhola, inqanaba lolwelo lwe-annulus liyehla, kwaye inqanaba lolwelo kumngxuma wamanzi wesixhobo sokubhola liyehla ngokukhawuleza;

(4) Emva kokuba isixhobo sokugrumba singene kwibhulorho yesanti, ngaphambi kokuba ipompo iqalwe, intshukumo yokunyuka nokuhla kunye nokujikeleza kuyakhululeka. Ukuba ipompo iza kuqaliswa, uxinzelelo lwepompo luyase, ubunzima obuxhonyiweyo buya kwehla, kwaye ulwelo lokugrumba aluyi kubuya okanye lubuye kancinci kakhulu entloko yomthombo;

(5) Kwindawo yokugrumba, njengokufuduswa kolwelo lokugrumba oluncinci okanye umthamo ophantsi wokuthwala isanti, kwinkqubo yokujikeleza kwepompo, isixhobo sokugrumba ukujikeleza phezulu nasezantsi kwentshukumo asixhathisi, xa ipompo imisiwe, isixhobo sokugrumba asinakuphakanyiswa, ingakumbi xa kungekho lwelo lokugrumba oluqinileyo, oku kwenzeka ngakumbi.

Ukuthintela ibhulorho yesanti ebambekileyo

(1) Kungcono ukungabholi ngamanzi;

(2) Kwicandelo elivulekileyo lemingxunya, ixesha lokuphumla kolwelo lokubhola akufuneki libe lide kakhulu;

(3) Ukuphucula i-druyilo lolwelo olubi;

(4) Xa kugrunjwag, ubungakanani obufanelekileyo bepompo kufuneka bukhethwe ngokweempawu zokwakheka;

(5) Ukugcina uzinzo lwenkqubo yolwelo lokugrumba kunye nokusebenza kakuhle.

Unyango lwebhulorho yesanti ebambekileyo

(1) Ukuba i-fl yokugrumbaI-uid ingangena kuphela kwimpompo, isixhobo sokugrumba sibambekile, kwaye asinakushukunyiswa, kufuneka kubalwe indawo yenqaku lekhadi, kwaye ixesha lifanele libuyiselwe umva ukusuka kufutshane nenqaku lekhadi.

(2) Indawo yokwakheka kwebhulorho yesanti isenokuba yinxalenye ephezulu okanye esezantsi, kodwa inxalenye yayo yomthombo ayinde kakhulu, kwaye akunakwenzeka ukuba kugqunywe zonke izixhobo zokugrumba. Ukuba ibhulorho yesanti ikwinxalenye ephezulu, nangona kungekho zixhobo zininzi zokugrumba ezithululwayo okokuqala, akunakwenzeka ukusebenzisa isixhobo sokugalela esinomkhono omde ukususa ibhulorho yesanti, kwaye isixhobo sokugrumba sikwiqhosha ukubuyisela ukujikeleza kwegazi, kwaye kamvaKulula ukwenza izinto. Ukuba ibhulorho yesanti ikwinxalenye esezantsi, indlela yokuqhumisa i-backbuckle ekhululekileyo kufuneka isetyenziswe ukuthulula isixhobo sokugrumba esingabambekanga ngexesha, kwaye esi sixhobo sokugrumba silandelayo sinokususwa kuphela ngokugrumba i-backbuckle.

(3) Ukugrumba ibhulorho yesanti okubambekileyo kudla ngokukwenzeka xa kukhubeka, ukugrumba akukho ezantsi komngxuma, ngoko ke xa kugaywa, intlanzi ingatshona, kule meko, kufuneka ikhawuleze ityibilike.Ngokucofa iqhosha, isixhobo sokubhola, kunokwenzeka ukukhulula ikhadi kumsebenzi. Ukuba singakwazi nokuhambisa ulwelo lokubhola, zonke iingxaki ziya kusonjululwa.

(4) Ukuba umtya wokubhola uxhotyiswe nge-centralizer, ibhulorho yesanti idla ngokuba ngaphezulu kwe-centralizer yokugqibela, ngoko ke emva komatshini wokugalela i-casing ukuya kwi-centralizer, akufuneki ukuba uphinde udibanise i-centralizer, kwaye ibhotile inokushukuma kwaye ikhutshwe.