Izinto ezibangela ukwakheka kweparafini kwimithombo yeoyile kunye neendlela zokususa iparafini

Isizathu esiyintloko sokuba i-oil Wells wax ngexesha lokuveliswa kukuba i-oil eluhlaza eveliswa yi-oil Wells ine-wax.

1. Izinto ezibangela ukwakheka kweparafini kwiMigodi yeoyile

(1) Ulwakhiwo kunye nobushushu beoyile ekrwada

Phantsi kwemeko efanayo yobushushu, ukunyibilika kweoyile ekhanyayo kwiwax kukhulu kuneoyile enzima, okukhona izinto ezikhanyayo ezininzi ezikwioyile ekrwada, kokukhona ubushushu bekristale yewax buphantsi, oko kukuthi, iwax ayilula ukuyilungisa, kwaye kokukhona iwax eninzi yokugcina imeko yokunyibilika inyibilikile.

(2) Uxinzelelo kunye negesi enyibilikisiweyo

Phantsi kwemeko yokuba uxinzelelo luphezulu kunoxinzelelo lokugcwala, ioyile ekrwada ayizukuyikhupha igesi xa uxinzelelo lunciphile, kwaye ubushushu bokuqala bekristale yewax buya kuncipha ngokuncipha koxinzelelo. Ukongeza, igesi enyibilikisiweyo ikwanda kwaye ifunxe ubushushu xa yahlulwe kwioyile, nto leyo enciphisa ubushushu bokuhamba kweoyile kwaye ilungele ukuna kweekristale zewax.

(3) I-Colloid kunye ne-asphaltene kwi-oyile ekrwada

Iziphumo zovavanyo zibonisa ukuba ubushushu bekristale bunokwehliswa ngokwanda komxholo wetshungama kwipetroliyam. Nangona kunjalo, xa itshungama efakwe eludongeni lwetyhubhu inetshungama kunye ne-asphaltene, iya kwenza itshungama eqinileyo, ekungekho lula ukuyihlamba ngokuhamba kweoyile.

(4) Ukungcola koomatshini kunye namanzi kwioyile eluhlaza

Ukungcola okukwioyile kuya kuba yikristale core yeparafini, nto leyo eyenza kube lula ukuqokelela nokukhulisa iikristale zewax, kwaye kukhawulezise inkqubo yokuvala iwax. Ukongeza, ukwakheka kwewax kuya kuba nzima xa umxholo wamanzi uphantsi, kuba iityuwa emanzini ziyawa kwaye zichitheke eludongeni lombhobho, nto leyo ekhuthaza ukuqokelelana kweekristale zewax.

(5) Isantya sokuhamba, uburhabaxa bomphezulu wepayipi

Isantya sokuhamba kolwelo oluphuma emthonjeni wemveliso ephezulu, ukulahleka kobushushu okuphantsi, ubushushu obuphezulu bokuhamba kweoyile, iwax ayilulanga ukuyinciphisa. Nokuba iwax inyibilikile, ayilulanga ukuyibeka eludongeni lwetyhubhu. Ukuba udonga lwetyhubhu lurhabaxa, ikristale yewax kulula ukunamathela koku kungasentla ukuze yenze ukwakheka kwewax, kwaye kwelinye icala ayilulanga ukuyinciphisa.

2. Indlela yokususa iparafini kwiqula leoyile

(1) Iphepha lokukrwela iwax ukususa iwax

(2) Ukukrwela i-wax kwisingxobo

(3) Ukususwa kweparafini nge-electrothermal

(4) Ukususwa kwewax ye-thermochemical

(5) Ukususwa kweparafini ye-oyile eshushu

(6) Ukususwa kweparafini ngomphunga