Indlela Yokuthintela Ukunamathela Kwentambo Yokubhola (Ukulahlekelwa Bubunzima KwiBit) Kwi-Drilling？

Igama elithi “lost weight on bit” (LWB) libhekisa kwimeko ngexesha lokugrumba apho ubunzima obuyilwe kwi-bit (WOB) bungaphumeleli ukusebenza kwi-drill bit. Endaweni yoko, ngenxa yokungqubana okukhulu phakathi kwentambo yokugrumba engaphantsi komhlaba kunye nodonga olubotshelelwe kakuhle, bonke ubunzima obusetyenzisiweyo bufunxwa yintambo yokugrumba.

Xa usebenzisa i-WOB, ukuncitshiswa kwe-wellbore kudla ngokubangela ukuba ubunzima busebenze ngokupheleleyoumtya wokubholaokanye iziqinisi. Oku kufuna ukusetyenziswa kobunzima okuqhubekayo, kodwa amandla oxinzelelo lwentambo yokubhola kufuneka aqwalaselwe. Ukonyuka kobunzima ngakunye kunokubangela intshukumo encinci ezantsi yentambo yokubhola; ukusetyenziswa kobunzima obuphindaphindwayo kuvumela intambo yokubhola ukuba idlule kwicandelo le-wellbore elinciphileyo. Okwangoku intambo yokubhola iphuma kweli candelo, i-drill bit iqhagamshelana ngokukhawuleza nezantsi le-wellbore. Ekubeni i-WOB kweli nqanaba iphezulu kuneyo yokubhola eqhelekileyo, i-bit ingena nzulu ekwakhiweni, nto leyo ekhokelela ekwandeni ngequbuliso kwe-torque. Oku kunokubangela ukuba itafile ejikelezayo okanye i-top drive ime. Ukuba kwenzeka ukuminxa, musa ukuphakamisa intambo yokubhola ngequbuliso—yikhulule i-torque kuqala. Ukubhola okuqhelekileyo kunokuqaliswa kwakhona emva kokulungiswa okuphindaphindiweyo.

Ubunzima obulahlekileyo kwi-bit buhlala busenzeka kwezi meko zilandelayo: ukubhola imingxunya ethe nkqo nge-back-reaming okanye i-directional wells enemisebenzi emininzi ye-back-reaming, ukugawula iifestile kunye nokubhola okuphambukisayo, kunye nokubhola okuthe tye kwi-well directional. Ngenxa ye-wellbore trajectory kunye nezinto ezahlukeneyo zokuxhathisa, kunzima ukuba uxinzelelo olusetyenziswa kwi-drill string ludluliselwe kwi-drill bit. Ukusuka kwizixhobo ezibanzi zokufaka udaka kunye nezibonakaliso zobunzima, oku kuboniswa ngolu hlobo: indawo ye-drill bit ayitshintshi kwaye akukho footage ifunyenweyo nangona i-WOB isanda rhoqo; uxinzelelo lwe-pump alunyuki kwaye akukho bloko lwe-pump lwenzekayo. Nangona kunjalo, ukunyuka kwe-WOB okungaphezulu kunokukhokelela ekuvalekeni kwe-pump ngequbuliso. Kwi-directional wells, ukulahleka kobunzima kwi-bit akuphazamisi nje kuphela imisebenzi eqhelekileyo ye-direction kodwa kukwabeka emngciphekweni wokubanjwa kwepayipi ukuba imisebenzi ayilunganga.

1.Qinisa uLawulo lweNdlela yeWellbore kunye noLungiselela uQwalaselo lweString Drill

Ukujongana nokulahlekelwa bubunzima kwi-bit okubangelwa yindlela embi yokuhamba kwe-wellbore, indlela ephambili yobunjineli kukuphucula ulawulo lwendlela yokuhamba. Kwimithombo enee-engile eziphezulu kunye neyandisiweyo, kufuneka kusetyenziswe ulawulo olupheleleyo olukhokelwayo ukuze kugcinwe ukuphambuka kwemithombo kunye ne-azimuth kuhambelana noyilo, kuthintelwe ukubuyela umva ngenxa yokuphambuka kuyilo.

Kwizinto ezilahlekileyo kwi-bit ezibangelwa yindlela embi yokuhamba kwe-wellbore, isisombululo esisebenzayo kukwenza kube lula ukucwangciswa kwe-drill string: ukunciphisa inani lee-drill collars kunye nokwandisa inani lee-heavy weight drill pipes (HWDP). Oku kunciphisa ukuqina kwe-drill string, kunciphisa indawo yokudibana phakathi kwe-drill string kunye ne-mud cake, kwaye kuthintela zombini ubunzima obulahlekileyo kwi-bit kunye ne-differential sticking.

Kwizinto ezilahlekileyo xa kusetyenzwa i-bit kwimigodi ethe tye, amanyathelo afanele agxile ekucoceni i-wellbor, ukuthambisa, kunye neendlela zokusebenza kwe-driller.

2.Phucula uCoceko

Ukuphucula ukucoca kuquka ukucoca i-wellbore kunye nokucoca udaka lomphezulu kusetyenziswa izixhobo zokulawula ukuqina komphezulu.

Phucula Amandla Okuthwala Udaka

Kwiiprojekthi zokubhola zakutshanje, iibhithi zePDC ezidityaniswe netekhnoloji yemoto ekwaziyo ukujika zisetyenziswa kakhulu, ezifikelela kwinqanaba elikhawulezayo kwaye zigaye iziqwenga zibe ngamasuntswana amancinci—zibeka imingeni ethile ekucoceni imisele.

Iimfuneko zokuFuduka kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo zeWellbore:Kwicandelo lequla le-φ311 mm, ukufuduka kufuneka kube ngaphezulu kwe-3.4 m³/min; kwicandelo lequla le-φ216 mm, kufuneka kube ngaphezulu kwe-1.1 m³/min.

Lungisa iiParameters zeRheological zodaka ngokusekwe kwi-Downhole Cuttings Return:Kwi-polymer drilling fluid eziqinileyo ezisezantsi, umlinganiselo weplastiki oguqukayo kufuneka ulawulwe phakathi kwe-0.42 kunye ne-0.50 ukuqinisekisa isiphumo esihle sokusika. Ngokuphathelele ukuxinana kodaka kunye namandla ejeli, ukuxinana kwemithombo eneekona eziphezulu kufuneka kugcinwe ngaphezulu kwemizuzwana engama-48—ukuxinana okuphezulu kunye namandla ejeli kunceda ukuthintela ukuhlala ngokuthe nkqo kweziqu.

Kwenye iprojekthi yokugrumba, xa ukuphambuka komthombo kwakuyi-50-60 degrees, ukongezwa kwejeli ye-organic positive kunciphisa i-viscosity yodaka ukuya kwimizuzwana engama-42, nto leyo eyakhokelela ekubeni i-downhole cuttings ingabi mnandi kwaye ilahlekelwe bubunzima xa kugrumba kwicala elithile. Iimeko eziqhelekileyo ze-downhole zabuyiselwa emva kokunyusa i-viscosity yodaka ukuya kwimizuzwana engama-50.

Kwimithombo enobunzulu obungaphezulu kweemitha ezingama-200–300, imithombo ethe tye inokutsalwa iye kwicandelo lomthombo ngokuphambuka kwee-degrees ezingama-20–30. Kwindlela yokubhola yokwemba ebhekisa kwicala, kudla ngokubandakanywa izitendi ezininzi zeekhola zokubhola. Kwimithombo yamanzi esandula ukugrunjwa, ubukho beekhola zokubhola bunyusa isantya sokubuya kodaka, ngoko ke iibhedi zokugrunjwa zihlala kwindawo endala. Ke ngoko, amanye amaqela okugrumba atsala kuphela icandelo lomthombo elisandula ukugrunjwa, nto leyo engenampembelelo ingako ekuqhekezeni iibhedi zokugrunjwa.

3.Phucula ukutyeba kodaka kunye nomgangatho wekhekhe lodaka

Yandisa ukutyeba kodaka

Amanyathelo athile okuphucula ukuthamba kodaka aquka, okokuqala, ukwandisa umthamo wezithambisi, kwaye okwesibini, ukusebenzisa indibaniselwano yezithambisi ezahlukeneyo.

Kwindlela yokubhola eqondisa kwicala, ioyile eluhlaza idla ngokuxutywa nodaka ngexesha lokusebenza ngendlela eqondisa icala. Nangona ioyile eluhlaza inamafutha aneleyo, ukongeza kwayo kuyawuthoba umgangatho wekeyiki yodaka. Ke ngoko, kwimisebenzi yokubhola eqondisa icala, ioyile eluhlaza kufuneka isetyenziswe kunye nezithambiso ezisekelwe emanzini. Oku akusombululi nje kuphela ingxaki yokuthambisa kodwa kukwathintela iikeyiki zodaka ezixineneyo ezibangelwa yimilinganiselo ephezulu yeoyile eluhlaza.

Ukungqubana okutyibilikayo kuyanda ngokwe-friction coefficient. Ukujongana noku, malunga neetoni ezi-3-5 ze-oyile ekrwada zingaxutywa eludakeni, kwaye umxholo we-oyile ekrwada awudluli kwi-9-10%.

Phucula Umgangatho Wekhekhe Lodaka

Ukuphucula umgangatho wekhekhe lodaka, kunokongezwa izinto zodaka ezifana ne-asphalt ene-sulfonated kunye ne-phenolic resin. Ikhekhe lodaka elisemgangathweni ophezulu linciphisa umngcipheko wokunamathela okuhlukeneyo okubangelwa kukulahlekelwa bubunzima kwi-bit.

Ukongeza kwii-lubricants ezingamanzi, ii-lubricants eziqinileyo kunye nee-lubricants ezixineneyo kakhulu nazo ziyasebenza ekunciphiseni ubunzima obulahlekileyo kwi-bit. Xa ubunzima obulahlekileyo kwi-bit busenzeka ngexesha lokubhoboza kwicala elithile kwiindawo eziqinileyo, ukongeza i-200–300 kg ye-graphite eyandisiweyo ngexesha elinye kunefuthe elihle ekusombululeni ubunzima obulahlekileyo kwi-bit obubangelwa kukuthambisa okungekho semgangathweni.

Qhagamshelana: May Ye

Iselfowuni/iWhatsapp:+0086-18109206861
I-imeyile:landrill@landrilltools.com
Iwebhu: www.landrilltools.com