Ukukhethwa kwezinto ezisetyenziswa kwizixhobo ezingaphantsi komhlaba kuphenjelelwa zizinto ezininzi. Ngokwembono yeentlobo zezixhobo ezingaphantsi komhlaba:
Izixhobo zokubhola, izixhobo zokurekhoda, kunyeizixhobo zokusebenzaEzi zixhobo zinobomi obufutshane bokusebenza, ngoko ke zifuna amandla aphezulu kodwa azinawo amandla okuxhathisa ukugqwala.
Izixhobo zokugqiba: Kufuneka zisebenze phantsi komngxuma iminyaka eliqela, ngoko ke kufuneka kuqwalaselwe ubushushu bomngxuma kunye nokumelana nokugqwala.
Ngokwembono yeendawo ezingaphantsi komhlaba, zihlala zahlulwe zibe ziindidi ezine:
Indawo esemgangathweni (engena-hydrogen sulfide (H₂S), enomxholo we-carbon dioxide (CO₂) ongaphantsi kwe-1 psi [malunga ne-0.0069 MPa]); Indawo engqonge i-H₂S; Indawo engqonge i-CO₂; Indawo engqonge i-H₂S kunye ne-CO₂.
Ukukhethwa kwezinto zeZixhobo zeDownhole kwiindawo ezisemgangathweni
Kwizixhobo ezisetyenziswa kwiindawo ezisezantsi, iintsimbi ze-alloy ezifana ne-4130, 4140, kunye ne-4145 (iiklasi ze-AISI) zihlala zikhethwa. Ulwakhiwo lweekhemikhali kunye namandla oomatshini kwezi zinto ziboniswe kwezi theyibhile zilandelayo:
1. Uthelekiso lweeKhemikhali (iNxalenye yoBuninzi)
| I-elementi | 4130 (AISI) | 4140 (AISI) | 4145 (AISI 4145H) |
| Ikhabhoni (C) | 0.28-0.33% | 0.33-0.48% | 0.43-0.48% |
| IManganese (Mn) | 0.40-0.60% | 0.75-1.00% | 0.75-1.00% |
| I-Chromium (Cr) | 0.80-1.10% | 0.80-1.10% | 0.80-1.10% |
| I-Molybdenum (Mo) | 0.15-0.25% | 0.15-0.25% | 0.15-0.25% |
| I-Silicon (Si) | 0.15-0.35% | 0.15-0.35% | 0.15-0.35% |
| I-Sulfur (S)/iPhosphorus (P) | ≤0.040% (S), ≤0.035% (P) | ≤0.030% (S), ≤0.030% (P) | ≤0.030% (S), ≤0.030% (P) |
2. Uthelekiso lwaMandla oomatshini
| Ipropati yoomatshini | 4130 | 4140 | 4145 (Ibanga H, Ixabiso Eliqhelekileyo) |
| Tensile strength | 760-871 MPa | 795-1000 MPa | 950-1100 MPa |
| Unikeze Amandla | ≥635 MPa | ≥610-750 MPa | ≥750 MPa |
| Ukwandiswa | ≥17% | ≥22% | ≥10% |
| Ubulukhuni (HRC) | 28-32 (emva kokucima nokulungisa) | 28-34 (emva kokucima nokulungisa) | 32-36 (emva kokucima nokulungisa) |
Njengoko kunokubonwa kwiitafile:
Umxholo wekhabhoni kwezi zinto uyanda ngokulandelelana (4130 < 4140 < 4145), ngelixa umxholo wezinye izinto ufana.
Iimpawu zoomatshini: Amandla ahambelana kakuhle nomxholo wekhabhoni—i-4145 inamandla aphezulu—ngelixa ukuqina kuncipha ngokuchaseneyo, i-4130 inobunzima obuphezulu.
I-4130, 4140, kunye ne-4145 ziiklasi zezinto ezibonakalayo zamazwe ngamazwe, kwaye ezi zinto zifana nazo zasekhaya eTshayina zezi zilandelayo:
- 4130 (AISI) ≡ Udidi lwasekhaya 30CrMoA;
- 4140 (AISI) ≡ Udidi lwasekhaya 42CrMo;
- 4145H (AISI) ≡ Udidi lwasekhaya 45CrMo.
I-4130 kunye ne-4140 zifanelekile kwizixhobo zokugqiba eziqhelekileyo, kugxininiswa ekusebenziseni kakuhle iindleko kunye nokudityaniswa.
I-4145H idla ngokusetyenziswa kwizixhobo ezinzulu, ezixineneyo, okanye ezithwala umthwalo omkhulu (ezifana nezixhobo zokubhola kunye nezixhobo zokusebenza), kugxilwe kakhulu kumandla kunye nokumelana nokuguguleka.
Ukukhethwa kwezinto zokugqiba izixhobo kwiindawo ezidlakadlaka
Kwizixhobo zokugqiba kwiindawo ezirhabaxa, ukhetho luxhomekeke kakhulu kuxinzelelo olungaphelelanga lweegesi ze-asidi (zahlulwe zibe ziintlobo ezimbini: i-CO₂ kunye ne-H₂S).
1. Iimithombo ezinomxholo ophezulu we-CO₂
Ukuze kuthintelwe ukubola kwe-CO₂, umxholo we-chromium (Cr) kwizinto kufuneka wonyuswe. Ezi zinto zilandelayo (zihlelwe ngokomxholo we-Cr) zinokugubungela imithombo ngoxinzelelo lwe-CO₂ oluyinxenye ukusuka kwi-0.5 MPa ukuya kwi-14 MPa.：I-3Cr (Umxholo weCr ≈ 3%), i-9Cr1Mo (Umxholo weCr ≈ 9%), i-13Cr, i-S13Cr, i-17Cr (umgangatho we-S17400), i-22Cr (umz., intsimbi engagqwaliyo ye-duplex S32205), kunye nentsimbi ye-25Cr.
2. Imithombo enomthamo ophezulu we-H₂S
Ukunciphisa ukubola kwe-sulfide stress cracking (SSC), umxholo we-nickel (Ni) kwizinto kufuneka wonyuswe. Xa uxinzelelo oluyinxenye ye-H₂S luphezulu kune-1 MPa kwaye uxinzelelo oluyinxenye ye-CO₂ nalo luphezulu, kufuneka kusetyenziswe ii-alloys zobushushu obuphezulu ezifana nezi zilandelayo:
Ukukhethwa kwezinto ezikhethekileyo
Izinto eziphambili zezixhobo ezingaphantsi komhlaba (ezidibana nolwelo lomthombo kunye nemithwalo yokuthwala): Zikhethwe ngokuhambelana nemigangatho engasentla.
Izinto ezichetywayo: Ngokwesiqhelo zenziwe ngentsimbi ye-H62 okanye i-S36600 stainless steel bars.
Izinto ezixhasayo: Zikhethwe kwi-20CrMoTi okanye kwi-20CrMnTi. Ukuphucula ubulukhuni bomphezulu, kufuneka unyango lwe-carburizing yomphezulu (enobukhulu be-0.8-1.2 mm obufakwe i-carburing), nto leyo eyandisa ubulukhuni bomphezulu ukuya kwi-HRC 58-62.
Ezinye Izinto Ezichaphazela Ukukhethwa Kwezinto Ezisetyenzisiweyo kunye Nemigangatho Yesalathiso
Ukongeza kwiigesi ezine-asidi, ukukhethwa kwezinto ezisetyenziswa kwiibhokisi zeoyile ezingaphantsi komhlaba kunye nezixhobo ezingaphantsi komhlaba kukwanxulumene nobushushu bokungena komhlaba, ukunqunyulwa kwamanzi, inqanaba lokwenziwa kweeminerali, kunye nexabiso le-pH. Ukuze ufumane imigaqo yokukhetha ethe ngqo, jonga kwi-Q/HS 14015 Design Guidelines for Corrosion Prevention of Tubing and Casing kwi-Offshore Oil and Gas Wells.
I-Landrill ikwabonelela ngebhari yezinto zentsimbi ezingama-41430,4140,4145.
Zive ukhululekile ukubuza.https://www.landrilloiltools.com/
Ixesha leposi: Sep-03-2025
5-1203, iDahua Industrial Zone, No.2 Yunshui Road, iHi-tech development zone, eXi'an, 710065, eTshayina
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