Izixhobo Eziphambili Zokuthontsiza: Isikhokelo Esipheleleyo Sokuhlela Nokusebenzisa IiRoller Cone Bits kunye neeDiamond Bits

01 IiRoller Cone Bits: Izixhobo Ezininzi Zokuziqhelanisa NeeFomathi

Ukususela ekuveleni kwazo ngo-1909, ii-roller cone bits ziye zaba lolona hlobo lwe-bit olusetyenziswa kakhulu ekubholeni okujikelezayo. Uyilo lwazo olukhethekileyo lwesakhiwo see-multi-cones luzivumela ukuba zilungelelanise neemeko ezahlukeneyo zokwakheka, ukusuka ekuthambileyo ukuya ekuqineni kakhulu.

Ulwakhiwo lweZakhiwo kunye neeTekhnoloji eziPhambili

I-roller cone bit iqulathe izinto ezintlanu eziphambili:

• Umzimba weBit: Imilenze emithathu yekhoni idityaniswe kunye, kunye nemisonto yokudibanisa kwinxalenye ephezulu.
• IiRoller Cones: Imizimba yesinyithi ekhonkxiweyo enamazinyo aqhekeziweyo okanye amazinyo afakwe ngaphezulu.
• Inkqubo yokuthwala: Iquka iiseti ezine zeebheringi: ezinkulu, eziphakathi, ezincinci, kunye neebheringi zokutyhala.
• IiNozzles: Ngokwesiqhelo zi-3-4 ngenani, kunye nobubanzi obuyi-7-14 mm.
• Inkqubo Yokugcina Ioyile Nokutywina: Iiringi zokutywina zerabha okanye zesinyithi ezidityaniswe nezixhobo zokunciphisa uxinzelelo.

Phakathi kwezi, ubuchwepheshe bokuvala iibheringi bumele impumelelo ephambili kwezobuchwepheshe kwiibhithi ze-roller cone. Iibhithi zanamhlanje zisebenzisa inkqubo yokubuyisela uxinzelelo lokugcina ioli, egcina ibhalansi eguquguqukayo phakathi koxinzelelo lweoli kwindawo yokubeka iibheringi kunye noxinzelelo lwekholamu yolwelo lokubhola emngxunyeni ongaphantsi ngokusebenzisa izinto ezifana nemingxuma yokudlulisa uxinzelelo, ii-diaphragms zokubuyisela uxinzelelo, kunye neekomityi zeoyile.

Inkqubo yoHlelo kunye neKhowudi ye-IADC

I-International Association of Drilling Contractors (IADC) iphuhlise umgangatho wokuhlelwa odibeneyo wehlabathi jikelele wee-roller cone bits, isebenzisa inkqubo yokubhala iikhowudi enamanani amathathu:

Idijithi Yokuqala: Uhlobo lwamazinyo kunye nokwakheka kwawo okufanelekileyo

1: Amazinyo agutyiweyo, ukwakheka okuthambileyo

2: Amazinyo agutyiweyo, aqine phakathi ukuya phakathi

3: Amazinyo agutyiweyo, ukwakheka okuqinileyo nokurhawuzelelayo

5: Faka amazinyo, athambileyo ukuya kumaphakathi

6: Faka amazinyo, ukwakheka okuphakathi nokuqina

7: Faka amazinyo, ukwakheka okuqinileyo nokurhabaxa

8: Faka amazinyo, aqinileyo kakhulu kwaye arhabaxa kakhulu

Idijithi yesiBini: Ukwahlulahlula ubulukhuni bokwakheka (Ibanga 1-4; amanani aphezulu abonisa ukwakheka okunzima)

Idijithi yesiThathu: Iimpawu zesakhiwo seBit

4: Iibheringi zerola ezitywiniweyo

6: Iibheringi ezityibilikayo ezitywiniweyo

7: Iibheringi ezityibilikayo ezivaliweyo + ukhuseleko lokufaka igeyiji

8: Ukuphambuka kweebhithi zokugrumba kwicala elithile

Inkqubo yoHlelo lwe-IADC elula yeeRoller Cone Bits

Indlela Yokuqhekeza Amadwala kunye Neempawu Zokuhamba

Ngexesha lokusebenza, i-roller cone bit ibonisa iintlobo ezintathu zentshukumo edibeneyo:

• Uguquko: Iikhowuni zijikeleza ngokwewotshi kunye nenxalenye yonke.
• Ukujikeleza: Amazinyo ajikeleza ngokuchasene newotshi ejikeleze i-axis yekhowuni.
• Ukutyibilika: Kubandakanya ukutyibilika kwe-radial kunye ne-tangential.

Le ntshukumo edibeneyo ifezekisa isiphumo esiphindwe kabini sokuqhekeza amatye:

1.Isiphumo sokutyumza impembelelo: Ukutshintshana kokuthintana kwamazinyo omnye kunye namazinyo amabini ngomngxuma osezantsi kuvelisa ukungcangcazela okude, okudala imithwalo yempembelelo.

2.Isiphumo sokucheba esityibilikayo: Ukucheba amatye kufezekiswa ngokuyila izakhiwo ezixhonyiweyo, iikhowuni ezimbini, kunye nezakhiwo ezichaseneyo.

Icebo Lokukhetha kunye Nokufanisa Ukwakhiwa 

Imigaqo esisiseko yokukhetha iibhithi ze-roller cone ngokusekelwe kwiimpawu zelitye:

• Iifomyula ezithambileyo: Khetha iibhithi ezinezakhiwo ze-offset, overhang, kunye ne-double-cone, ezixhotyiswe ngamazinyo amade, abanzi, kunye namazinyo aqhekekileyo okanye afakwe ngaphakathi.
• Iifomyula eziPhakathi neziQondileyo: Nciphisa amaxabiso e-offset, overhang, kunye ne-double cone; sebenzisa amazinyo amafutshane, amxinwa, naxineneyo.
• Iifomyula Eziqinileyo Nezirhabaxa: Sebenzisa iirola zekhowuni enye ezingenayo i-overhang okanye i-offset, ezixhotyiswe ngamazinyo ebhola okanye amazinyo ebhola ekhowuni.
• Ukwakheka Kwezinyo Ezinokujika: Khetha izinyo ezimfutshane ezingenayo i-offset okanye i-offset encinci, kwaye ezingenayo i-gage teeth.
• Iifomyula eziThambileyo neziQithileyo eziDibeneyo: Khetha iintlobo zeebit ezisekelwe kwilitye eliqinileyo, kwaye ulungise iiparameters ngokuguquguqukayo ngexesha lokugrumba.

Impendulo kwiiMeko eziKhethekileyo zoMsebenzi

• IiBoreholes ezincinci (<177 mm): Sebenzisa iibhithi zekhoni ezine-single-roller, ezineekhoni ezinkulu, amazinyo, kunye neebheringi ukuze ube namandla aphezulu.
• Ukubhola Ngokubhekiselele Kwicala: Khetha iibhithi ezikhethekileyo zokujika apho ikhowudi ye-IADC enenombolo yesithathu ibe yi-8. 

02 Iibhiti zeDayimani: Izixhobo Ezinamandla Zokwenza Izinto Ezinzima 

Njengento enzima kakhulu kwindalo, idayimani inobunzima beMohs obuyiGrade 10, amandla oxinzelelo afikelela kwi-8800 MPa, kwaye iyamelana nokuguguleka ngokuphindwe kayi-9000 kunentsimbi. Isebenzisa olu phawu, iibhithi zedayimani ziye zaba sisixhobo esiphambili sokujongana nokwakheka okunzima.

Inkqubo yoHlelo kunye noTshintsho lweTekhnoloji

Iibhithi zedayimani zanamhlanje zahlulwe kakhulu zibe ziintlobo ezintathu:

1.Iibhiti zeDayimani ezibekwe phezu komhlaba

• Amasuntswana edayimani abonakala kumphezulu we-matrix.
• Ifanelekile kwiintlobo eziphakathi ukuya kweziqinileyo.
• Uhlu lobungakanani beedayimani:
• Iintlobo ezithambileyo: iinkozo ezi-2 kwi-carat nganye (gpc) (ubukhulu bamasuntswana bumalunga ne-4 mm)
• Iifomyula eziqinileyo eziphakathi: 3-4 gpc (ubukhulu bamasuntswana bumalunga ne-3.6 mm)
• Iifomyula eziqinileyo: 10-15 gpc (ubukhulu bamasuntswana bumalunga ne-2.0 mm)

2.Iibhiti zeDayimani ezifakwe

• Iidayimani zifakwa ngaphakathi kwi-matrix (60-400 gpc).
• Ifanelekile kwiindlela eziqinileyo nezirhabaxa (umz., i-flint, i-siliceous dolomite).
• Ukuzilola kwedayimani kufumaneka ngokuguguleka kwe-matrix.

3.Iibhiti zePDC (iibhiti zePolycrystalline Diamond Compact)

• Yaqala ukwaziswa yiGeneral Electric (GE) yase-United States ngo-1973.
• Ulwakhiwo oluncinci: Umaleko wedayimani + isiseko sekhabhayithi esifakwe isamente.
• Ifanelekile kwiindlela ezithambileyo ukuya kweziphakathi eziqinileyo nezifanayo.

Uyilo lweZakhiwo kunye neeParamitha eziPhambili

Iibhithi zedayimani zamkela uyilo olupheleleyo olungenazo iindawo ezihambayo, kuquka:

• Umzimba wentsimbi: Wenziwe ngentsimbi yekhabhoni ephakathi, enemisonto yokudibanisa kwinxalenye ephezulu.
• I-Matrix: Umgubo we-tungsten carbide + isinyithi esibophayo esisekelwe kubhedu, esinomgangatho wobunzima be-HRC 30-45.
• Izinto zokusika: Iidayimani zendalo/zokwenziwa okanye iicompact zePDC.
• Ulwakhiwo lweHydraulic: Iindlela zamanzi kunye nemijelo yokuhamba kwamanzi (i-radial, i-spiral, njl.njl.).

Iiparameter zoYilo oluPhambili

• Uxinzelelo lweDayimani: Luhlengahlengiswa ngokusekelwe ekubunjweni kokurhawuzelela; uxinano oluphezulu ukuze kubekho ukwakheka okurhawuzelela ngakumbi.
• Ukuphakama koBuchule:
• Iifomyula ezithambileyo: 1/3 yobukhulu besuntswana
• Iifomyula eziqinileyo: 1/6-1/10 yobukhulu besuntswana
• Imilo yoMlomo:
• I-Flat-bottom: Yenzelwe ukwakheka okufanayo
• Igobile: Yeefom eziqinileyo
• I-Serrated: Yenzelwe ukwakheka okurhabaxa

Indlela Yokuqhekeza Amadwala kunye Nempendulo Yokwakheka

Indlela yokuqhekeza amatye yedayimani iyahluka ngokweempawu zokwakheka:

Ukwakheka kweplastiki (umz., ilitye lodaka, igypsum): Kufana nenkqubo "yokulima"; iidayimani zingena ngaphakathi kwisakhiwo ukuze zibangele ukuhamba kweplastiki kwelitye.

Iintlobo zeBrattle (umz., isanti ye-quartz): Kwenziwa imingxunya yokutyumza enevolumu, enobukhulu bokusika obuphindwe kabini ukuya kane kunokubonakala kwedayimani, nto leyo ebangela ukusebenza kakuhle.

Amatye Aqinileyo (umz., ilitye eliqinileyo, ilitye elithambileyo): Kusetyenziswa iibhiti ezifakwe emanzini, kwaye ukuqhekeka kwamatye kwenziwa ngokusika nokukrwela, okufana nokukrwela amavili okusila.

Iingenelo zobugcisa kunye nemida yeePDC Bits

Njengemveliso eguqukayo kusapho lwe-diamond bit, ii-PDC bits zineengenelo ezikhethekileyo:

Iimpawu zesakhiwo

Iibhiti zePDC zeSinyithi: Intsimbi yekhabhoni ephakathi edibeneyo enonyango lokuqinisa umphezulu.

Iibhithi zePDC zeMatrix-Body: Umzimba wentsimbi ephezulu kunye ne-tungsten carbide matrix esezantsi, enika ukusebenza okungcono.

Uyilo lweProfayili

I-Parabolic: Yenzelwe ukwakheka okuthambileyo, okuvumela ukuba kubekho i-footage ephezulu kunye nesantya sokubhoboza.

Ijikelezi: Yokubhola iitafile ezijikelezayo, okwenza kube lula ukungena kweebhedi eziqinileyo.

Ikhonikhi: Yeyokugrumba ngesantya esiphezulu, enentsebenzo entle yokungena.

Imida yesicelo

Ayifanelekanga kwiindawo ezinamatye amdaka kunye neendawo ezithambileyo neziqinileyo ezidityanisiweyo.

Umda wokumelana nobushushu (ukuguguleka kuya kusanda ngaphezu kwama-350℃; ukusilela kwamandla kwenzeka kwi-700℃).

Ukumelana nempembelelo embi; ukuqhekeka komphetho kweebhithi ezintsha kunokwenzeka.

Itheyibhile yokuthelekisa iiFomathi eziSebenzayo kwiiDiamond Bits

03 Isikhokelo soKhetho lweSayensi: Ukuhambelana kweeFomeshini kunye neeMfuno zokuSebenza

Imithetho yeGolide yoKhetho lweeBit zeRoller Cone

Ukulinganisa Ubunzima Bokwakheka

Iifomyula ezithambileyo: Khetha iinxalenye ezinezakhiwo eziphezulu ze-offset, overhang, kunye ne-double-cone, ezixhotyiswe ngamazinyo amile okwe-wedge okanye afana necephe.

Iimo eziqinileyo: Sebenzisa izakhiwo ezinekhowuni enye, ezingalinganiyo, ezixhotyiswe ngamazinyo ebhola okanye amazinyo anekhowuni.

Impendulo kwi-Abrasiveness

Kwimilo erhabaxa, sebenzisa iziqwenga zokufaka ezinamazinyo aqinileyo.

Ukuba amazinyo angaphandle angqukuva ngelixa amazinyo aphakathi engagugi kangako, iqhekeza elilandelayo kufuneka lenziwe ngokhuseleko oluphuculweyo lwe-gage.

Amanyathelo okuchasa iimeko zokusebenza ezikhethekileyo

Ukwakheka okunokuphazamiseka: Khetha iziqwenga zamazinyo amafutshane ezingenayo i-offset okanye i-offset encinci; ukwakheka okunokuguquguquka kufuneka kube lula kancinci kunokwakheka kwangempela.

Iifomyula ezithambileyo neziqinileyo ezidityanisiweyo: Khetha iibhithi ezisekelwe kwilitye eliqinileyo, kwaye ulungise iiparameters ngokuguquguqukayo ngexesha lokugrumba.

Ukubhola iindawo ezinzulu: Sebenzisa iindawo ezinevidiyo eninzi ukuze ubuyisele ixesha elilahlekileyo xa uphosakele.

Icebo Lokukhetha Iibhiti Zedayimani

Imiqathango Esebenzayo kwiPDC Bits

Iimeko ezifanelekileyo: Iifomyula ezinde ezithambileyo ukuya kweziphakathi neziqinileyo (umz., i-shale, i-mudstone, i-gypsum).

Iimeko ezingavumelekanga: Iingqukuva, iiflethi ezidityanisiweyo, iingqukuva ezidityanisiweyo ezithambileyo neziqinileyo.

Useto lweParameter: I-WOB ephantsi (30-60 kN), i-RPM ephezulu (100-300 rpm), isantya sokuhamba kwamanzi esikhulu.

Imiqathango Esebenzayo kwiBits zeDayimani zeNdalo/ezenziweyo

Iintlobo eziqinileyo ukuya kweziqinileyo (umz., i-granite, isanti ye-quartz).

Iifomyula ezirhabaxa kakhulu (umz., i-flint, i-siliceous dolomite).

Ukugrumba i-turbine, imingxuma enzulu/enzulu kakhulu, kunye nemisebenzi yokubopha.

Iimfuno ezikhethekileyo zeCore Bits

Iibhithi ze-roller cone core: Uyilo lwe-four-roller cone (eyi-conical/cylindrical) okanye i-six-roller cone (eyi-cylindrical epheleleyo).

Iibhiti zedayimani ezingundoqo: Zifuna imiphetho yokusika esasazwe ngokulinganayo kwaye ikwazi ukumelana nokuguguleka rhoqo.

Isalathisi esiphambili: Ukudibana phakathi komngxuma ongaphakathi kunye nesangqa sangaphandle ukuze kuthintelwe ukuqanda okungaphakathi.

Ukugweba kunye nokuphatha i-Downhole Anomaly

Ukuchongwa kwemeko yokusebenza yeRoller Cone Bit

Umonakalo weebheringi: Ukushukuma rhoqo kwetafile ejikelezayo, ukuba mandundu xa i-WOB iphezulu, izinga lokubhola liphantsi kodwa uxinzelelo oluqhelekileyo lwepompo.

Ukulahleka kweKhowuni: Ukugrumba okuqatha, ukutshintshatshintsha okunamandla kwesalathisi sobunzima, utshintsho kubunzulu bokujika xa kutsalwa umtya wokugrumba.

Ukuguguleka kwamazinyo: Umthwalo wetafile ejikelezayo unciphile, akukho kushukuma, ukwehla okukhulu kwisantya sokugrumba.

Iindlela Zokusebenzisa Iibhiti Zedayimani

Umngxuma ongezantsi kufuneka ucocwe ngaphambi kokuba usebenzise umngxuma ongaphantsi komhlaba ukuqinisekisa ukuba akukho nkunkuma yesinyithi eseleyo.

Qala ukubhola nge-WOB encinci kunye ne-RPM ephantsi ukuze "ungene" (ukulungisa umngxuma ongaphantsi kwe-0.5 m).

Kuphephe ukusebenza ngokuxovula; ukuba kuyimfuneko, sebenzisa i-WOB ephantsi kunye ne-RPM ephantsi ukuze usebenze ngendlela efanayo.

Qhagamshelana:UJessie Zhou
Iselfowuni/I-Whatsapp:+0086-18109206861
Iwebhu:www.landrilltools.com