Isayensi yePetroleum: Kutheni kunzima kangaka ukumba amaqula anzulu kakhulu?

Umngeni 1: Iinkqubo zoxinzelelo ezintsonkothileyo kwi-Ultra-Deep Wells Uyilo lwesakhiwo se-Wellbore oluntsonkothileyo

Imithombo enzulu kakhulu ingena kwiindawo ezininzi ezikwimo yejoloji, idibana neendlela zoxinzelelo lwemingxuma entsonkothileyo nedibeneyo. Iindawo ezinoxinzelelo oluphezulu neziphantsi ziyatshintshatshintshana, nto leyo ekhokelela kwiingxaki ezixhaphakileyo nezidibeneyo ezifana nokuwa kokwakheka, umbhobho obambekileyo, ukulahleka kokujikeleza kwegazi, kunye nokukhaba. Kukho ukunqongophala kwedatha yokumba kwiindawo ezinzulu kakhulu, kwaye idatha ekhoyo yokushukuma komhlaba kunye nokurekhoda ukuqikelela uxinzelelo lwemingxuma inqongophele kwaye ayisemgangathweni. Ukungabikho kwedatha yesalathiso ethembekileyo, kunye nemida yokuxhomekeka kuphela ekujongeni uxinzelelo ngexesha langempela ngelixa kugrunjwa, kubangela ubunzima obukhulu kunye nokuchaneka okuphantsi ekuqikeleleni uxinzelelo lwenkqubo. Oku kukhokelela kwiimpazamo ezinkulu kuvavanyo lokwakheka, uyilo olungafanelekanga lobunzulu bokubeka imingxuma kunye noxinano lolwelo lokugrunjwa, kunye nemiba enzima yokungazinzi kwemingxuma. Ubuchwephesha bangoku abunakuziqikelela ngokuchanekileyo iiparameter eziphambili ezifana noxinzelelo lokwakheka kunye neempawu zoomatshini bamatye, okudala ukungaqiniseki okuphezulu kunye nokwenza ulawulo lomngcipheko wemingxuma engaphantsi lube nzima kakhulu. Ngokusekelwe kwiimfuno zophando nophuhliso olusebenzayo, apho ukujula ngakumbi komngxuma kunokuba yimfuneko, uyilo lwesakhiwo semingxuma kufuneka lubandakanye icandelo elinye okanye amabini eengxuma ezingxamisekileyo ukuze kwahlulwe ngempumelelo iindawo ezinobungozi ezinokubakho, okwandisa kakhulu iindleko ezinxulumene noko.

Umngeni 2: Ubunzima Obugqithisileyo Bentambo Yepayipi Kwimithombo Enzulu Kakhulu Buthintela Ukusebenza Kwesikheyisi Esikhuselekileyo

Ukubhola okunzulu kakhulu kunokuhlangabezana neentshukumo ezifana namatye odaka arhubuluzayo kunye neengqimba zetyuwa-gypsum ezinoxinzelelo oluphezulu, nto leyo ebangela umngcipheko wokuguquka kwengqimba, ukudilika, kunye nokuqhekeka. Ezi ngozi zihlala zincitshiswa ngokwandisa ubukhulu bodonga lweentambo zengqimba. Phantsi kweemeko zamacandelo amade kakhulu okuqinisa isamente, imiba yobude obugqithisileyo kunye nobunzima beentambo zepayipi iyacaca. Ngokukodwa, ubunzima bentambo yengqimba bunokudlula umda womthwalo okhuselekileyo nokuba yi-rig yeemitha ezili-12,000 (iitoni ezingama-900, ezilingana nobunzima obudibeneyo beendlovu ezindala zaseAfrika ezili-150 ukuya kwi-180). Umthamo wokuphakamisa wee-rigs ezikhoyo awanelanga ukuxhoma iintambo zengqimba ezinzima ngokuqhelekileyo, ingasathethwa ke ngokusingatha imisebenzi yokukhubeka ngexesha leengxaki okanye ukuhlangabezana nemida yokhuseleko efunekayo yokubaleka ngokukhuselekileyo.

Iimitha ezili-15,240:Ngo-Okthobha ka-2022, i-ADNOC yabeka irekhodi elitsha lehlabathi lequla elinzulu ngequla layo elithe tyaba le-UZ-688 kwindawo ephezulu yeZakum, lifikelela kubunzulu obupheleleyo (ubunzulu obulinganisiweyo) beemitha ezili-15,240.

Umngeni 3: Ukwakheka Okuqinileyo Nokunzima Kwimithombo Enzulu Kakhulu Kuthintela Ukuqhekeka Kwamatye Okusebenzayo Nokukhawuleziswa Kokugrumba Okubanzi

Iifomyula ezikwimingxuma enzulu kakhulu ziyinkimbinkimbi, zirhabaxa kakhulu, kwaye azikwazi ukubholwa kakuhle. Iindlela ezikhoyo zokuvavanya ukubholwa azanelanga kwaye azinazo iinkcukacha ezichanekileyo, ngakumbi kwiindawo ezintsha zophando, nto leyo ethintela kakhulu uyilo lwesayensi kunye nokukhethwa kwee-drill bits. Uluhlu lwangoku lwee-drill bits kunye nezixhobo zokuphucula izinga lokungena (ROP) zinqongophele, kunye nemida ekuzilungelelaniseni nasekuthembekeni kokwakheka. Ukusebenza kwazo kuphantsi, kwaye ubomi benkonzo bufutshane kwiifomyula ezinzima phantsi kweemeko zobushushu obuphezulu kunye noxinzelelo oluphezulu (HTHP). Kukho imfuneko engxamisekileyo yokuhlola ubuchwepheshe obutsha bokuqhekeza amatye ngempumelelo kwiimingxuma enzulu nenzulu kakhulu. Ukudluliselwa kwamandla e-hydraulic kunye noomatshini kuyinselele kwiindawo ezinde kakhulu, kunye nokulahlekelwa okukhulu koxinzelelo lokungqubana kwintambo yokubholwa, okubangela amandla angonelanga kwi-bit kwaye kwenza ukuqhekeka kwamatye kube nzima.

Umngeni 4: Ukugcina i-Drilling Fluid Rheology kunye nozinzo lwe-Wellbore phantsi kweemeko ze-Ultra-Deep HTHP

Ukubhola okunzulu kakhulu kujongana namaqondo obushushu angaphantsi komhlaba angaphezulu kwama-200°C, nto leyo efuna ukuba ulwelo lokubhola lube nokumelana nobushushu obuphezulu, uxinano oluphezulu, ukunyamezela ityuwa, kunye nokuzinza ixesha elide. Amaqondo obushushu aphezulu anokubangela ukusilela kwezinto, uxinzelelo oluphezulu lwenza kube nzima ukulawula i-rheological, umxholo wetyuwa ephezulu wenza kube nzima ukungazinzi kwenkqubo, kwaye ukusebenza ixesha elide kunobungozi bokuwohloka kwezinto zobunzima. Ukudibana kwezi mfuno zine zomsebenzi kuveza imingeni yobuchwephesha emikhulu, ephantse ingabi nakoyiswa. Ngaphezu koko, ubuchwepheshe obukhoyo abunakujongana ngempumelelo nemiba efana nokuqhekeka okubangelwa kukupholisa xa iifomyula ezishushu kakhulu zidibana nolwelo lokubhola olupholileyo, okanye ukungazinzi okubangelwa lutshintsho kumsebenzi wamanzi phantsi kwamaqondo obushushu aphezulu.

Umngeni 5: Ukusebenza okunganelanga kwe-Samente Slurries kunye neeTekhnoloji ezinxulumene nazo phantsi kwe-Ultra-Deep HTHP kunye neemeko zoxinzelelo oluntsonkothileyo

Iimeko ezibandakanya ubunzulu obuphezulu, ubushushu obuphezulu, amacandelo amade okufaka isamente, kunye neenkqubo zoxinzelelo ezintsonkothileyo zibeka iimfuno eziphezulu kakhulu kwiipropati zesamente, kubandakanya ukuzinza kokumiswa, i-rheology, ulawulo lokufuduka kwegesi, kunye nokuqina kwesamente. Izongezo ezibalulekileyo ezifana nezilawuli zokulahleka kolwelo kunye nezithinteli zinokubola okanye zenze ngendlela engaqhelekanga phantsi kobushushu obuphezulu kakhulu, nto leyo ekhokelela ekusileleni kokusebenza kunye neziganeko ezinokubakho ezinzima zomngxuma. Indawo yobushushu obuphezulu kakhulu ikwabeka iimfuno ezingqongqo ekuhambelaneni phakathi kwenkqubo yokongeza kunye nezinto ezithintela ukubuyela umva kwamandla esamente.

Iimitha ezingama-9,396:Ngowama-2023, iGuole 3C well yaseTarim Oilfield yabeka irekhodi lelona qula linzulu lithe tyaba eAsia (ubunzulu obulinganisiweyo).

Umngeni 6: Iimeko ze-HTHP ezigqitha imida yokunyamezelana kwezixhobo ezibalulekileyo kunye nezixhobo

Imingxuma enzulu kakhulu ijongene neemeko ezinzima kakhulu zomngxuma ongaphantsi komhlaba kunye namaqondo obushushu angaphezulu kwama-200°C kunye noxinzelelo olungaphezulu kwe-175 MPa (olulingana noxinzelelo lwamanzi kubunzulu obuyi-17,500 yeemitha, oludlula kakhulu olo lusezantsi kweMariana Trench). Umda wobushushu kwizixhobo ezininzi zomngxuma ongaphantsi komhlaba ezikhoyo umalunga ne-175°C. Phantsi kweemeko ezinzima zokusebenza ezine-ultra-HTHP, iindawo ezine-asidi, kunye nokungcangcazela okunamandla, izixhobo, izixhobo, kunye nezixhobo zisengozini yokusilela. Oku kuquka ukudumba kunye nokuguga kweerabha ze-elastomer kwiimotor stators zodaka kunye nezitywini kwizixhobo ze-torque impact, ukungasebenzi kakuhle okanye ukungaphumeleli kwebhetri yezinto ze-elektroniki ze-MWD/LWD, kunye nokungaxhathisi okwaneleyo kwezixhobo zokugqiba, okwenza izixhobo ezibalulekileyo kunye nezixhobo zingasebenzi.

Umngeni 7: Iimfuno Ezintsha KwiTekhnoloji Yokugawula Imithi Ezivela Kwimigodi Enzulu Kakhulu, Ene-HTHP, NeyeDayamitha Encinci

Ubunzulu bemithombo enzulu kakhulu bufikelela kumda ophezulu wokusebenza kwee-winch zangoku zokufaka iilori, nto leyo ebangela imingeni kwiinkqubo zamandla ezibandakanya iilori ezinamandla aphezulu, iintambo zoxinzelelo oluphezulu, iidrama ezinkulu, kunye nezixhobo zokuphakamisa ezinamandla aphezulu. Indawo ye-HTHP engaphantsi komhlaba isondela kwimida ephezulu yezixhobo zesiqhelo ze-ultra-HTHP. Kumazwe ngamazwe, akukho zixhobo zivuthiweyo zeenkonzo ezikhethekileyo ezifana nomfanekiso wombane kunye ne-nuclear magnetic resonance kwiimeko ezinjalo. Umngcipheko wokusilela kwezixhobo ngenxa yobushushu kunye nemida yoxinzelelo uphezulu, nto leyo ekhokelela kwiilog ezinokwenzeka ezingaphumeleliyo okanye ezikumgangatho ophantsi. Ukuncitshiswa kwesignali kwiintambo ezinde kakhulu zeemitha ezili-13,000 kuchaphazela kakhulu iinkqubo ze-telemetry zokufaka iilori zocingo, okwenza unxibelelwano oluzinzileyo lube nzima ukuqinisekisa.

Umngeni 8: Ukuqinisekisa Uvavanyo Lwempilo Olukhuselekileyo Nolusebenzayo Phantsi Kweemeko Ezinzima Ze-HTHP

Ubalo olusekelwe kwi-wellbore egcwele igesi lubonisa ukuba uxinzelelo oluphezulu olulindelweyo lwentloko yemithombo evaliweyo kwimithombo enzulu kakhulu lunokudlula i-100 MPa, mhlawumbi kukho i-hydrogen sulfide. Izixhobo zokuvavanya nokugqiba imigodi ezisetyenziswa kakhulu zihlala zilinganiswa kwi-70 MPa kunye ne-175°C. Iintambo zokuvavanya imveliso yemithombo enzulu kakhulu zinobukhulu obuncinci kodwa zifuna amandla aphezulu. Ukusebenzisa izixhobo ezikhethekileyo kunye noyilo lwemibhobho engaqhelekanga kwenza kube nzima ukwenza ngcono inkqubo kwaye kwenza uhlalutyo loxinzelelo kunye nokuqinisekiswa kube nzima kakhulu. Izixhobo zokuvavanya ulwelo lwemithombo exineneyo kunye nezixhobo zokuvavanya umgodi ongaphantsi komhlaba zinzima ukuhlangabezana neemfuno zokusebenza kobushushu obuphezulu kakhulu, okwenza ukukhetha iinkqubo kunye nezixhobo zolwelo ezifanelekileyo kube nzima.