Izixhobo ezilishumi eziphambili zokugqiba imithombo

Iindidi zezixhobo ezisetyenziswa kakhulu ekugqibezeleni nasekuveliseni ioyile elwandle ziquka: iPacker, iSSSV, iSliding Sleev, (iNipple), iSide Pocket Mandrel, iSeating Nipple, iFlow Coupling, iBlast joint, iValve yoVavanyo, iDrain Valve, iMandrel, iPlug, njl.njl.

1. Abapakishi

I-packer yenye yezona zixhobo zibalulekileyo zomngxuma womtya wokuvelisa, kwaye imisebenzi yayo ephambili yile ilandelayo:

Yahlula iileya zemveliso ukuthintela ukungqubana kunye nokuphazamiseka kolwelo kunye noxinzelelo phakathi kweeleya;

Ukwahlulwa kolwelo olubulalayo nolwelo lokuvelisa;

Ukuhlangabezana neemfuno ezahlukeneyo zemveliso yeoyile (igesi) kunye nemisebenzi yokusebenza ngaphezulu;

Gcina ulwelo lwepacker kwi-casing annulus ukukhusela i-casing nokuqinisekisa imveliso ekhuselekileyo.

Iipakethi ezisetyenziswa ekugqityweni kwentsimi yeoyile (igesi) engaselunxwemeni zinokwahlulwa zibe ziintlobo ezimbini: ezinokufunyanwa nezisisigxina, kwaye ngokwendlela yokuseta, zinokwahlulwa zibe zii-hydraulic setting, mechanical setting kunye ne-cable setting. Iipakethi zinokwahlulwa zibe ziintlobo ezininzi, kwaye kufuneka kwenziwe ukhetho olufanelekileyo ngokweemfuno zokwenyani zemveliso. Iindawo ezibaluleke kakhulu zepakethi zii-slip kunye nerabha, kwaye ezinye iipakethi azinazo ii-slip (ii-pakethi zemithombo evulekileyo). Kukho iintlobo ezininzi zeepakethi, umsebenzi wazo ophambili kukuxhasa phakathi kwee-slip kunye ne-casing kunye nokuvala phakathi kwee-slip kunye ne-casing ukuze kutywinwe indawo ethile.

2. Ivalvu yokhuseleko engaphantsi komngxuma

Ivalvu yokhuseleko lomngxuma ongaphantsi komhlaba sisixhobo sokulawula ukuhamba okungaqhelekanga kolwelo emngxunyeni, njengomlilo kwiqonga lokuvelisa ioyile elunxwemeni, ukuqhekeka kwemibhobho, ukuqhushumba, ukuphuma kolawulo lomngxuma weoyile okubangelwa yinyikima, njl.njl., ukuze ivalvu yokhuseleko lomngxuma ongaphantsi komhlaba ivalwe ngokuzenzekelayo ukuze kufezekiswe ulawulo lokuhamba kolwelo emngxunyeni.

1) Uhlu lweevalvu zokhuseleko:

• Ivalvu yokhuseleko enokutsalwa ngentambo yentsimbi
• Ivalvu yokhuseleko ephathekayo yombhobho weoyile
• Ivalvu yokhuseleko ye-annulus yekheyisi Eyona valve yokhuseleko esetyenziswa kakhulu yivalvu yokhuseleko ephathekayo yetyhubhu

2) Umgaqo wesenzo

Xa icinezelwe emhlabeni, ioyile ye-hydraulic idluliselwa kumngxuma wokudlulisa uxinzelelo ukuya kwi-piston ngepayipi yokulawula i-hydraulic pressure, ityhala i-piston phantsi ize icinezele i-spring, kwaye i-flap valve iyavulwa. Ukuba uxinzelelo lolawulo lwe-hydraulic lugciniwe, i-valve yokhuseleko ikwimeko evulekileyo; ukukhululwa Uxinzelelo lomgca wolawulo lwe-hydraulic lutyhalelwa phezulu yi-spring tension ukuze kunyuswe i-piston phezulu, kwaye i-valve plate ikwimeko evaliweyo.

3. Isingxobo esityibilikayo

1) I-sliding sliding sliding ingavala okanye idibanise unxibelelwano phakathi kwentambo yemveliso kunye nendawo ye-annular ngokusebenzisana phakathi kwe-inside sleeves kunye ne-outer sleeves. Imisebenzi yayo ephambili yile ilandelayo:

• Ukukhupha umoya emva kokugqitywa komngxuma;
• Ukujikeleza kwegazi kubulala;
• Ukunyuswa kwegesi
• Impompo yejethi yokuhlala
• Imithombo enamaleko amaninzi ingasetyenziselwa imveliso eyahlukileyo, uvavanyo oluneeleyara, ukufakelwa kwaleyara, njl.njl.;
• Ukwembiwa kwemigodi okuxutyiweyo okuneeleya ezininzi;
• Faka iplagi emthonjeni ukuze uvale umthonjeni okanye uvavanye uxinzelelo lombhobho;
• I-arhente yeekhemikhali ezijikelezayo ezilwa nokugqwala, njl.

2) Umgaqo wokusebenza

Isingxobo esityibilikayo sivala okanye siqhagamshela indlela ephakathi kombhobho weoyile kunye nendawo ejikelezileyo ngokuhambisa isingxobo sangaphakathi. Xa umjelo wesingxobo sangaphakathi ujongene nendlela umzimba wesingxobo esityibilikayo ungena ngayo, indlela yesingxobo ikwimeko evulekileyo. Xa ezi zimbini zityibilikayo, isingxobo esityibilikayo sivaliwe. Kukho isilinda esisebenzayo kwinxalenye ephezulu yesingxobo esityibilikayo, esetyenziselwa ukulungisa isixhobo sokulawula ukuhamba komngxuma ongaphantsi esinxulumene nesingxobo esityibilikayo. Kukho umphezulu wokuvala kumacala aphezulu nasezantsi esingxobo sangaphakathi, onokusebenzisana nokupakisha isingxobo sesixhobo esityibilikayo ukuze sitywinwe. Qhagamshela isixhobo sokutshintsha isingxobo esityibilikayo phantsi komtya wesixhobo osisiseko, kwaye wenze umsebenzi wentsimbi. Isingxobo esityibilikayo singavulwa kwaye sivalwe. Ezinye zazo kufuneka zitshibilike ezantsi ukuze zishukumise isingxobo ezantsi ukuze zivule isingxobo esityibilikayo, ngelixa ezinye kufuneka zitshibilike phezulu ukuze zenze indlela yangaphakathi. Isingxobo sinyuka ukuze sivule isingxobo esityibilikayo.

4. Ingono

1) Ukwahlulahlula kunye nokusetyenziswa kweNipple esebenzayo

Ulwahlulo lweeNipples:

(1) Ngokwendlela yokubeka: kukho iintlobo ezintathu: i-selective, i-Top NO-GO kunye ne-Bottom NO-GO, njengoko kubonisiwe kwiMifanekiso a, b, kunye no-c.

Ezinye iimandrel zinokuba nohlobo olukhethiweyo kunye nolokuma okuphezulu (njengoko kubonisiwe kuMfanekiso b). Olu hlobo lubizwa ngokuba lolokuma okuphezulu luthetha ukuba ububanzi bangaphakathi bemandrel abunanxalenye yokunciphisa ububanzi, kwaye ubungakanani obufanayo besixhobo sokuhlala bunokudlula kuyo, ngoko ke iimandrel ezininzi ezinobukhulu obufanayo zinokuthotywa zibe yintambo yombhobho efanayo, kwaye ukuma okuphezulu kuthetha ukuba ububanzi bangaphakathi bemandrel etywiniweyo busebenza phezulu, ngelixa inxalenye yobubanzi obuncitshisiweyo yesitophu esisezantsi isezantsi, icandelo lokuvala leplagi alinakudlula, kwaye isitophu esisezantsi ngokubanzi sifakwe ezantsi kombhobho ofanayo. Njengesixhobo sokuxhoma izixhobo kunye nokuthintela iintambo zezixhobo zentambo ukuba zingaweli ezantsi komthombo.

(2) Ngokwengcinezelo yokusebenza: kukho uxinzelelo oluqhelekileyo noxinzelelo oluphezulu, owokuqala usetyenziselwa imithombo yesiqhelo, kwaye owokugqibela usetyenziselwa imithombo yeoyile negesi enoxinzelelo oluphezulu.

Ukusetyenziswa kweeNipples:

• Hlala phantsi kwindawo yokungcangcazela.
• Hlala phantsi komhlaba ukuze ulawule ngokuzenzekelayo ivalvu yokhuseleko.
• Hlala kwivalvu yokujonga.

Sebenzisa isixhobo sokunceda (i-choke nozzle) ukuze unciphise uxinzelelo lwentloko yomthombo.

• Sebenzisana ne-Polished Nipple, faka isingxobo sokwahlukanisa okanye i-pup joint, lungisa umbhobho we-oyile owonakeleyo okanye umbhobho otyebileyo kufutshane nomaleko we-oyile.
• Hlala phantsi uxhome izixhobo zokulinganisa ezingaphantsi komngxuma.
• Ingathintela ukuba intambo yesixhobo ingaweli ezantsi kwequla ngexesha lokusebenza kwentambo.

5. I-Mandrel ePokothweni esecaleni

1) Ulwakhiwo olusebenzayo

I-Side Pocket Mandrel yenye yezixhobo ezibalulekileyo zokugqiba umngxuma. Idityaniswe neevalvu ezahlukeneyo zokuphakamisa igesi ukuze kuphunyezwe iindlela ezahlukeneyo zokuphakamisa igesi, kusetyenziswe iimpumlo zamanzi ezinobukhulu obahlukeneyo, kwaye kuphunyezwe ukufakwa kwee-layered injection. Ulwakhiwo lwayo luboniswe kumfanekiso, luneendawo ezimbini, umbhobho osisiseko kunye nesilinda engaqhelekanga, ubungakanani bombhobho osisiseko bufana nobombhobho weoyile, inxalenye ephezulu inesilingi yokuma, kwaye isilinda engaqhelekanga inentloko yokuchonga izixhobo, umngxuma otshixayo, isilinda yokutywina kunye nomngxuma wonxibelelwano wangaphandle.

2) Iimpawu zeSide Pocket Mandrel:

Ukubeka: Yenza zonke iintlobo zezixhobo ezingaphantsi komhlaba zibe zezohlobo olulodwa kwaye zijonge ngokuchanekileyo kwibharele eyohlobo olulodwa.

Ukuqatshelwa: Izixhobo ezifakwe emngxunyeni womngxuma ochanekileyo zifakwa ngendlela engaqhelekanga kwibhareli engaqhelekanga, ngelixa ezinye izixhobo ezinkulu zidlula kumbhobho osisiseko.

Uxinzelelo olukhulu lovavanyo luvumelekile.

2) Umsebenzi weSide Pocket Mandrel: ukuphakanyiswa kwegesi, ukujova ngamachiza, ukujova ngamanzi, ukubulala ukuhamba kwegazi, njl.

6. Iplagi

Xa kungekho valve yokhuseleko engaphantsi komngxuma okanye ivalvu yokhuseleko iyasilela, ucingo lwentsimbi luyasebenza, kwaye iplagi enobukhulu obufanayo ithotywa kwisilinda yokusebenza ukuze ivale umthombo. Uvavanyo loxinzelelo lweetyhubhu kunye nokuseta ii-hydraulic packers ngexesha lokugqitywa komsebenzi womthombo okanye wokusebenza.

7. Ivalvu yokuphakamisa igesi

Ivalvu yokuphakamisa igesi yehliswa kwisilinda esisebenzayo esingaqhelekanga, esinokusebenzisa iindlela ezahlukeneyo zokuvelisa ukuphakanyiswa kwegesi, njengokuphakanyiswa kwegesi okuqhubekayo okanye ukuphakanyiswa kwegesi okungapheliyo.

8. Ukuqukuqela kokuhamba kwamanzi

I-flow couping yipayipi etyebileyo, enobubanzi obungaphakathi obufana nobo bombhobho weoyile, kodwa ububanzi obungaphandle bukhulu kancinci, kwaye idla ngokusetyenziselwa iziphelo eziphezulu nezisezantsi zevalvu yokhuseleko. Kwimithombo yeoyile negesi evelisa kakhulu, imithombo yeoyile enemveliso ngokubanzi inokukhetha ukuyisebenzisa okanye ukungasebenzisi. Xa igesi yeoyile evelisa kakhulu idlula kwivalvu yokhuseleko, iya kubangela ukugoba ngenxa yokunciphisa ububanzi, okubangela ukukhukuliseka komsinga we-eddy kunye nokuguguleka kwiziphelo zayo eziphezulu nezisezantsi.

9. Ivalvu yokukhupha ioyile

Ivalvu yokukhupha ioyile ngokubanzi ifakwe kwiipayipi zeoyile ezi-1-2 ngaphezulu kwevalvu yokujonga. Yindawo yokukhupha ulwelo kumbhobho weoyile xa umsebenzi wokuhlola ipompo uphakanyiswa, ukuze kuncitshiswe umthwalo werig yokusebenza kwaye kuthintelwe ulwelo lomthombo ukuba lungangcolisi idekhi yeqonga kunye nokusingqongileyo. Okwangoku kukho iintlobo ezimbini zeevalvu zokukhupha ioyile: idreyini yokuphosa intonga kunye nedreyini ye-hydraulic ephosa ibhola. Eyokuqala ifanelekile ngakumbi kwimigodi yeoyile encinci kunye nemigodi yeoyile enzima enemiqolo ephezulu yamanzi; eyesibini isetyenziselwa imigodi yeoyile enzima enemiqolo ephantsi kwamanzi kwaye inezinga eliphezulu lempumelelo.

10. Isikrweli semibhobho

1) Injongo: Isetyenziselwa ukususa ibhloko yesamente, isheya yesamente, iwax eqinileyo, iikristale zetyuwa ezahlukeneyo okanye iidiphozithi, ii-perforation burrs kunye ne-iron oxide kunye nolunye uthuli olusele eludongeni lwangaphakathi lwekhaseji, kunye nokufikelela okungenakuthintelwa kwizixhobo ezahlukeneyo ze-downhole. Ingakumbi xa isithuba esiphakathi kwesixhobo se-downhole kunye nobubanzi bangaphakathi bekhaseji sincinci, inyathelo elilandelayo lokwakha kufuneka lenziwe emva kokukrwela ngokwaneleyo.

2) Ulwakhiwo: Lwenziwe ngomzimba, ipleyiti yemela, ibhloko esisigxina, ibhloko yokucinezela kunye nezinye iindawo.

3) Umgaqo wokusebenza: ngaphambi kokungena emthonjeni, ubungakanani obukhulu bokufakelwa kwenxalenye enkulu yesikrayi bukhulu kunobubanzi bangaphakathi bekhava. Emva kokungena emthonjeni, i-blade inyanzelwa ukuba icinezele entwasahlobo, kwaye intwasahlobo inika amandla okutya okujikelezayo. Xa kukhuhlwa izinto eziqinileyo, kuthatha imikrwelo emininzi ukuze kukhuhlwe ububanzi bangaphakathi bekhava. Isikrayi siqhagamshelwe kwisiphelo esisezantsi sentambo yombhobho ongaphantsi, kwaye intshukumo yokunyuka nokuhla komtya wombhobho yi-axial feed ngexesha lenkqubo yokuxhoma.

Kuyabonakala kwisakhiwo seblade ukuba iblade nganye ejikelezayo inemiphetho emibini yokusika efana ne-arc ngaphakathi nangaphandle. Isiphumo sokusila. Iiblade ezimile njenge-strip zisasazwa ngokulinganayo kumphezulu wesikrazuli ngokwemigca ye-helical yasekhohlo, nto leyo eluncedo kudaka oluphezulu olubuyela umva ukususa inkunkuma ekhutshiweyo.