Inkqubo yoFakelo lweZixhobo zeWellhead kunye naMacebiso

Amanyathelo okusebenza kweValve yeWellhead

Kufuneka kuqatshelwe xa kuvulwa okanye kuvalwaivalvuEzinye iintlobo zeevalvu zixhotyiswe ngephini yokucheba phakathi kwesiphatho kunye nesiqu sevalvu; ukuba kusetyenziswa amandla amaninzi, iphini yokucheba iya kuqhekeka ngokuzenzekelayo ukukhusela izinto zangaphakathi zevalvu.

Ivalvu ephambili akufuneki isetyenziswe xa kuvalwa umngxuma weoyile ohambayo, ngaphandle kwakwiimeko ezingxamisekileyo. Iivalvu zokusula okanye ezifana namaphiko zihlala zisetyenziswa kwiimeko ezinjalo.

Kwiqula leoyile elihambayo, ngalo lonke ixesha isango levalvu livaliwe, ukwanda kwesantya samanzi equla ngexesha lenkqubo yokuvala kunokubangela ukuguguleka komphezulu wokuvala.

Ukutshintsha isihlalo kunye nesango levalvu (ngaphandle kwevalvu ephambili emthini wentloko yomthombo) kulula kwaye kukhuselekile kunokutshintsha ivalvu ephambili.

Ngalo lonke ixesha ivalvu ivaliwe, inani lamathuba okusebenzisa ivalvu kufuneka libalwe ngokucacileyo. Eli linyathelo lokuhlola eliyimfuneko ukuthintela izixhobo okanye iintambo ukuba zingabambeki xa umtya wesixhobo okanye intambo ingangena ngokupheleleyo kwi-lubricator.

I-Hanger yeTyhubhu

I-tubing hanger sisixhobo esisetyenziselwa ukuxhasa i-production tube ngaphakathi kwentloko ye-tubing. I-sealing assembly kumzimba oyintloko we-tubing hanger yenza i-hydraulic seal phakathi kwe-tubing hanger kunye nomzimba oyintloko wentloko ye-tubing. Kwiimeko ezininzi, i-tubing hanger yenzelwe intamo ende, evala ezantsi kwe-adapter flange ukuze ikhuphe ulwelo lomthombo kwi-annulus yentloko ye-tubing nge-valied barrier.

Ulwakhiwo lwangaphakathi lwe-tubing hanger lubonelela ngendlela yokufaka i-tubing backpressure valve (BPV). Umzimba oyintloko we-tubing hanger uxhotyiswe nge-interface yokudibanisa umgca omncinci wolawulo, oqhagamshelwe kwi-downhole ball valve. Uqhagamshelo olunemisonto phezulu nasezantsi kwe-tubing hanger luhambelana nobukhulu bentambo ye-tubing exhonyiweyo. Ngexesha lonke lomsebenzi we-wellhead, i-tubing hanger yeyona nto iqhekezwa rhoqo kwaye ithathelwe indawo.

Umthi wekrisimusi

Umthi weKrisimesi (umthi we-wellhead) sisixhobo esenziwe ngoluhlu lweevalvu kunye nezixhobo. Sisetyenziselwa ukulawula ukuhamba kwamanzi emisele kunye nokubonelela ngokufikelela kwintambo yetyhubhu okanye umbhobho wokuvelisa. I-adapter flange ikwizantsi loMthi weKrisimesi kwaye iqhagamshelwa kwi-flange ephezulu kwentloko yetyhubhu; ubungakanani bayo kunye nomlinganiselo woxinzelelo ziyafana nezo ze-tubing head flange.

Iprofayili yangaphakathi yale flange yeadaptha inokwamkela intamo ende yehanger yetyhubhu, kwaye ezinye iiflange zeadaptha eziyilwe nazo ziquka isitywina sesibini. Uthotho lweziqhagamshelo zeeports zovavanyo kunye neeports zomoya zisasazwa ngeenxa zonke zangaphandle kweflange esezantsi. Ezi ndawo zokunxibelelana zisetyenziselwa ukwenza ipakethi yesibini isebenze kwaye zenze uvavanyo lonxibelelwano lwe-annular phakathi kweeflanges ezimbini zokudibana, isitywina se-annular esisezantsi, kunye nepakethi yesibini. Ukuze kuhambelane nojongano olusentanyeni yehanger yetyhubhu, kusetyenziswa ujongano olongezelelweyo lokuhambisa ulwelo lomgca wolawulo kwivalvu yokhuseleko ye-downhole. Unxibelelwano oluphezulu lusetyenziselwa ivalvu yokuqala yoMthi weKrisimesi. Kwilungiselelo lomthi wohlobo lwe-bolt, i-flange yeadaptha idla ngokuba yinxalenye yevalvu yoMthi weKrisimesi kwaye ibizwa ngokuba yinxalenye yeyunithi yoMthi weKrisimesi.

Kwi-modular Christmas Tree, i-adapter flange iya kwenza i-flange esezantsi yoMthi weKrisimesi.

Izixhobo zeWellhead ziyinxalenye ebalulekileyo ekuvelisweni kwemithombo yeoyile negesi, enxulumene nokhuseleko lwemisebenzi ye-downhole kunye nokuqhubeka kwemveliso. Ukufakelwa kwezixhobo ze-wellhead kufuneka kwenziwe ngokuhambelana neenkqubo ezimiselweyo ukuqinisekisa ukusebenza kakuhle kwemisebenzi yazo kunye nokuthintela iingozi ezinkulu ezifana nokuvuza kweoyile negesi kunye nokuqhushumba. Eli nqaku liza kuchaza iinkqubo, amanyathelo athile kunye namanyathelo okukhusela ukufakwa kwezixhobo ze-wellhead, kwaye lidibanise amava okusebenza ukuze kuxoxwe ngendlela yokuqinisekisa ukusebenza okukhuselekileyo, okuthembekileyo kunye nexesha elide kwezixhobo ze-wellhead.

Isishwankathelo seSiseko soBume kunye noMsebenzi weZixhobo zeWellhead

1. Ulwakhiwo olusisiseko lwezixhobo zeWellhead Izixhobo zeWellhead zinezixhobo ezininzi, kuquka ikakhulu ezi zinto zilandelayo:

• Iflengi yeWellhead: Isixhobo sokutshintsha esisetyenziselwa ukudibanisa intloko yecasing kunye ne-derrick.
• Intloko yekheyisi: Ithwala ubunzima beekheyisi ezingaphantsi komhlaba kwaye inika inkxaso kwimisebenzi elandelayo yentambo. Intloko yekheyisi ibandakanya i-flange esisiseko kunye ne-hanger exhasa iikheyisi.
• Umthi weKrisimesi: Inxalenye ephambili yezixhobo zeentloko zemithombo, elawula izinga lokuhamba kweoyile negesi kunye noxinzelelo lweentloko zemithombo, kubandakanya amasango, iivalvu zokutshixa, iigeyiji zoxinzelelo, njl.njl.
• Ivalvu yesango: Isetyenziswa kakhulu ukulawula ukuvulwa nokuvalwa kwentloko yomthombo, ukuthintela ukuqhushumba okanye ukuvuza kweoyile negesi.
• Ivalvu yokutshixa: Isetyenziselwa ukulungisa izinga lokuhamba kweoyile negesi, ukuqinisekisa ukuqhubeka nokhuseleko lwemveliso.
• Isithinteli sokuvuthuza (BOP): Sisetyenziswa kakhulu kwimisebenzi yokulawula imithombo kwiimeko ezingxamisekileyo ukuthintela iingozi zokuvuthuza.

2. Imisebenzi ephambili yezixhobo zeWellhead Imisebenzi ephambili yezixhobo zewellhead ibandakanya ezi zinto zilandelayo:

• Qhagamshelanisa iingxowa zemingxunya engaphantsi komhlaba kunye nezixhobo zomphezulu: Izixhobo zentloko yomthombo zidibanisa iingxowa kwaye zibonelela ngenkxaso ezinzileyo yomthi weKrismesi, ngelixa zikwabonelela ngendawo yokufikelela kwizixhobo zokusebenza kwemingxunya engaphantsi komhlaba.
• Lawula uxinzelelo lwentloko yemithombo: Lungisa uxinzelelo lwentloko yemithombo ngokusebenzisa izixhobo ezifana neevalvu zesango kunye neegeyiji zoxinzelelo ukuthintela ukuvuza kweoyile negesi.
• Qinisekisa ukhuseleko lokulawula umngxuma: Ngokufaka izixhobo ezifana nee-BOP, kuqinisekisa ukuba iimeko ezingxamisekileyo ezifana nokuqhushumba kunokusabela ngokukhawuleza ngexesha lokusebenza kwemigodi engaphantsi komhlaba.
• Lungisa kwaye ulawule izinga lokuhamba kweoyile negesi: Ivalvu yokutshixa kwizixhobo zentloko yomthombo ingalawula ngokuchanekileyo izinga lokuhamba kweoyile negesi, iqinisekise ukuveliswa okukhuselekileyo kweendawo zeoyile negesi.

II. Inkqubo yoFakelo lweZixhobo zeWellhead Ukufakelwa kwezixhobo zewellhead yinkqubo enzima equka amanyathelo amaninzi, kwaye inyathelo ngalinye kufuneka lenziwe ngokuhambelana neenkqubo zokusebenza ezisemgangathweni. Ngokwesiqhelo, inkqubo yokufaka izixhobo zewellhead ibandakanya la manyathelo alandelayo:

1. Umsebenzi wokulungiselela ngaphambi kokwakha

• Uhlolo loYilo: Ngaphambi kokufaka izixhobo zeentloko zemithombo, iqela lokwakha liza kuhlola uyilo lweentloko zemithombo ukuqinisekisa ukuba imodeli kunye novavanyo loxinzelelo lwezixhobo zeentloko zemithombo ziyahlangabezana neemfuno zoyilo. Qinisekisa ukuba imizobo yoyilo kunye noluhlu lwezixhobo ziphelele kwaye zichanekile.
• Ukuhlolwa kwezixhobo: Hlola ngononophelo zonke izinto ezikwizixhobo zentloko yomthombo ukuze ubone ukuba zisemgangathweni na. Qinisekisa ukuba izinto ezinje ngee-flange faces, seals, bolts, kunye nama-nuts azonakalanga kwaye ziyahlangabezana nemigangatho efanelekileyo. Jonga ukuba ii-flanges kunye nee-gaskets zicocekile kwaye azinazo izinto ezingcolileyo.
• Ukulungiswa kweNdawo yoKwakha: Qinisekisa ukuba indawo yokwakha ithe tyaba, icocekile, kwaye ayinazithintelo. Ukuba kuyimfuneko, qhuba unyango lokuthintela umlilo nothuli kwindawo yokwakha ukuqinisekisa indawo yokwakha ekhuselekileyo nethembekileyo.
• Ukulungiselela Izixhobo: Lungisa izixhobo ezahlukeneyo ezifunekayo xa kufakelwa, kuquka ii-wrenches, izixhobo zokuphakamisa, i-oyile yokuthambisa, i-sealant, njl.njl.

2. Faka iNtloko yeCasing

Intloko yesikhongozeli yenye yezona zinto zibalulekileyo kwizixhobo zentloko yemithombo, kwaye ukufakwa kwayo kufuneka kube ngokuchanekileyo kakhulu.

• Ukucocwa kweFlange: Ngaphambi kokufakwa, qala ngokucoca iflenge yentloko yomthombo ukuqinisekisa ukuba ubuso beflenge bucocekile kwaye awonakali, kwaye umphezulu we-gasket ucocekile kwaye uthe tyaba.
• Ukufakwa kweGasket: Xa ufaka intloko yecasing, ukukhetha igasket kubaluleke kakhulu. Igasket enoxinzelelo oluphezulu ehlangabezana neemfuno zoyilo kufuneka isetyenziswe ukuqinisekisa ukusebenza kakuhle kokutywina. Igasket kufuneka ibekwe ngokulinganayo phakathi kweeflanges ukuze kuthintelwe ukurhawuzelelwa okanye ukugoba.
• Indawo yeNtloko yeCasing: Sebenzisa izixhobo zokuphakamisa intloko yecasing ukuze uphakamise intloko yecasing ngaphezu kwentloko yewellhead, uyilungelelanise ngononophelo neflange, uze uyibeke kancinci kwiflange yewellhead. Sebenzisa inqanaba ukujonga ukuba intloko yecasing ithe tye na uze wenze uhlengahlengiso oluhle.
• Ukuqinisa iibholiti: Qinisa iibholiti zeflange ngokulinganayo ngokuhambelana neemfuno zoyilo. Xa uqinisa iibholiti, kufuneka kusetyenziswe ipateni enqamlezileyo, kwaye i-torque kufuneka yonyuswe kancinci kancinci ngamanyathelo ukuqinisekisa ukusebenza kokutywina kunye namandla afanayo eflangeti. I-torque yebholiti nganye kufuneka ihlangabezane neemfuno zeenkcukacha zezixhobo.

3. Faka umthi weKrisimesi

Ukufakelwa koMthi weKrisimesi yenye yeendlela eziphambili zokufakela izixhobo zeentloko zemithombo, kwaye injongo yayo kukulawula izinga lokuhamba kweoyile negesi kunye noxinzelelo lweentloko zemithombo.

• I-Flange Butt-Joint: Hlanganisa i-butt kwi-flange esezantsi yoMthi weKrisimesi kunye ne-flange ephezulu yentloko ye-casing. Ngaphambi kwe-joint, jonga kwakhona ukuba umphezulu we-flange ucocekile kwaye uthe tyaba, kwaye uqinisekise ukuba i-gasket ayichaphazelekanga.
• Faka iValve yeSango eliPhambili: Ingqwalasela ekhethekileyo kufuneka inikwe kwicala nendawo yevalve yesango eliphambili ngexesha lokufakelwa ukuqinisekisa ukusebenza okulula kokulawula umngxuma. Xa ufaka ivalve yesango eliphambili, faka isixa esifanelekileyo sezithambiso ukuqinisekisa ukusebenza kwevalve eguquguqukayo.
• Iivalvu Ezisecaleni Zokudibanisa Nezinye Izixhobo: Umthi weKrisimesi uhlala uquka iivalvu ezininzi zesango kunye neevalvu zokutshixa. Ezi valve kufuneka zifakwe ngokulandelelana ngokweemfuno zomzobo woyilo, kwaye ukusebenza kokutywina kwenxalenye nganye yoqhagamshelo kufuneka kuqinisekiswe.
• Faka i-Pressure Gauge: Faka i-pressure gauge kwindawo efanelekileyo kuMthi weKrisimesi ukuze ujonge uxinzelelo lwentloko yomngxuma ngexesha langempela.

4. Faka iBlowout Preventer (BOP)

Isithinteli sokuqhushumba (i-BOP) sisixhobo esibalulekileyo kwimisebenzi yokulawula umngxuma, kwaye ukufakwa kwaso kubaluleke kakhulu. Inkqubo yokufakela kufuneka yenziwe ngokuhambelana neenkqubo ezisemgangathweni.

• Jonga ukusebenza kwe-BOP Sealing: Ngaphambi kokufakwa, kufuneka kwenziwe uhlolo oluneenkcukacha lwe-BOP ukuqinisekisa ukuba izitywino azinasiphako.
• Ukubeka kunye nokufakela: Sebenzisa izixhobo zokuphakamisa ukuze uphakamise i-BOP ngaphezulu kwentloko yequla, uyilungelelanise kancinci nentloko yequla, uze uyibeke endaweni yayo. Emva koko qinisa iibholithi zeflange njengoko kuchaziwe ukuqinisekisa uqhagamshelo olukhuselekileyo.
• Uvavanyo loxinzelelo: Emva kokuba ufakelo lwe-BOP lugqityiwe, yenza uvavanyo loxinzelelo. Intloko yomthombo idla ngokuxinzelelwa ukuvavanya ukusebenza kokuvala kwe-BOP, ukuqinisekisa ukuba akukho kuvuza kwegesi okanye ukuvuza kweoyile.

5. Ukuqaliswa nokwamkelwa emva kokufakwa

• Uvavanyo loxinzelelo lweWellhead: Emva kokufakwa, kufuneka uvavanyo olupheleleyo loxinzelelo lwezixhobo zewellhead ukuqinisekisa ukusebenza kokutywina kunye nomthamo wesixhobo othwala uxinzelelo. Uxinzelelo lovavanyo kufuneka luhlangabezane neemfuno zoyilo, ngokuqhelekileyo luphindwe kayi-1.5 uxinzelelo lokusebenza.
• Ukuqalisa Izixhobo: Faka ivalvu nganye yoMthi weKrisimesi ukuqinisekisa ukuba iivalvu ziyavuleka kwaye zivaleka ngokulula, kwaye ivalvu yokutshixa ilungisa isantya sokuhamba kwamanzi ngokuzinzileyo. Jonga ukuba igeyiji yoxinzelelo isebenza ngokuqhelekileyo na.
• Ukwamkelwa kunye namaxwebhu: Emva kokuba ulwakhiwo lugqityiwe, iinjineli ezifanelekileyo kufuneka zenze ukwamkelwa ukuqinisekisa ukuba ukufakelwa kuyahlangabezana neemfuno zoyilo, kwaye zigcine iirekhodi zokufakelwa, kubandakanya ulwazi olufana nenombolo yezixhobo, abafaki, kunye neziphumo zovavanyo.

III. Amanyathelo okukhusela xa kufakelwa izixhobo zeWellhead

1. Ukuhlolwa kunye nokugcinwa kwezixhobo

• Ukuhlolwa kwezixhobo ngaphambi kokufakelwa: Icandelo ngalinye lezixhobo zentloko yomngxuma kufuneka lihlolwe ngokweenkcukacha ngaphambi kokufakwa, ingakumbi iindawo ezonakala lula ezifana nezitywini kunye nobuso beflange, ukuqinisekisa ukuba akukho monakalo okanye ukugqwala.
• Ukukhethwa kwezinto zokutywina: Izitywino zezixhobo zentloko yemithombo zinxulumene ngokuthe ngqo nokhuseleko lwentloko yemithombo. Xa uzikhetha, kufuneka zihlangabezane neemfuno zoxinzelelo loyilo kunye nobushushu bezixhobo zentloko yemithombo. Izinto zokutywina eziqhelekileyo ziquka irabha kunye negrafiti.
• Ulawulo lweTorque yeBolt: Iibholithi zeFlange kufuneka ziqiniswe ngokwetoque eqhelekileyo, kwaye akufuneki ziqine kakhulu okanye zikhululeke kakhulu. Iibholithi mazibe namandla ngokulinganayo ukuthintela ukungaphumeleli kwetywina okubangelwa kukungalingani kwamandla ebusweni beflange.

2. Ulawulo loKhuseleko loKwakha

• Imigaqo yoKhuseleko lweNdawo: Ngexesha lokufakelwa kwezixhobo zomthombo, abasebenzi bokwakha kufuneka balandele ngokungqongqo imigaqo yokhuseleko kwindawo, kuquka ukunxiba izixhobo zokuzikhusela zobuqu (PPE) kunye nokuphumeza amanyathelo okuthintela umlilo nokuqhuma.
• Ukusebenza kweZixhobo zokuPhakamisa: Ukufakelwa kwezixhobo zomngxuma kudla ngokufuna ukusetyenziswa kwezixhobo zokuphakamisa; abaqhubi kufuneka bafumane uqeqesho lobungcali ukuqinisekisa ukhuseleko ngexesha lenkqubo yokuphakamisa.
• Amanyathelo okhuseleko xa kufakwa i-BOP: Ukufakwa kwe-BOP kubaluleke kakhulu, ingakumbi kwiindawo zemithombo enemingcipheko ephezulu yokuqhushumba. Uxinzelelo lwentloko yemithombo kufuneka lujongwe ngexesha lokufakelwa ukuze kuthintelwe iingozi zokuqhushumba.

3. Amanqaku abalulekileyo obuchwephesha ngexesha lofakelo

• Ukusebenza Kokutywina Koqhagamshelo Lweflange: Ukusebenza kokuvala koqhagamshelo lweflange yenye yezona ngongoma ziphambili kuyo yonke into efakelweyo kwizixhobo ze-wellhead. Umphezulu weflange kufuneka ube bushelelezi kwaye uthe tyaba, ungabi nazimbobo okanye imikrwelo; i-gasket kufuneka ibekwe ngokulinganayo ngaphandle kokugqubana okanye ukuvala.
• Ukufakelwa kwe-BOP ngokuchanekileyo: Ukufakelwa kwe-BOP kufuna ukuchaneka okuphezulu, ingakumbi kwiindawo zomthombo ezinoxinzelelo oluphezulu. Kufuneka kuqinisekiswe ukuba akukho kuvuza kunxibelelwano phakathi kwe-BOP kunye nentloko yomthombo.

4. Impembelelo yeZinto ezisiNgqongileyo ekuFakweni

• Iimeko zeMozulu: Ukufakelwa kwezixhobo zentloko yomthombo ngamanye amaxesha kwenziwa phantsi kweemeko zemozulu ezinzima, ezifana nobushushu obuphezulu, ubushushu obuphantsi okanye umoya onamandla. Izinto zokutywina zinokutshintsha xa imozulu imbi, ngoko ke iimpawu zemozulu zendawo yomthombo kufuneka ziqwalaselwe xa kukhethwa izinto zokutywina.
• Iimeko Zomhlaba: Ubunzima bendawo yomthombo buya kuchaphazela nokufakwa kwezixhobo zeentloko zomthombo. Kwiindawo ezintsonkothileyo ezifana neendawo zeentaba neentlango, ubunzima bokwakha buyanda, ngoko ke kufuneka kwenziwe amalungiselelo aneleyo endawo.

IV. Iingxaki Eziqhelekileyo Nezisombululo Ekufakweni Kwezixhobo ZeWellhead

1. Ingxaki yokusilela kweSeal

• Inkcazo yengxaki: Emva kokuba izixhobo zentloko yomthombo zifakiwe, iingxaki ezinje ngokuvuza kweoyile kunye nokuvuza kwegesi ziyavela kuqhagamshelo lweflange.
• Izisombululo:
• Jonga ukuba ubuso beflengi bonakele na; yenza unyango lokusila ukuba kuyimfuneko.
• Jonga ukuba i-gasket ifanelekile na; tshintsha i-gasket ukuba kuyimfuneko.
• Qinisekisa iibholithi zeflange ukuqinisekisa ukuba i-torque yazo iyahlangabezana neemfuno ezisemgangathweni.

2. Ukusebenza kweValve engaguqukiyo

• Inkcazo yengxaki: Emva kokufakelwa, iivalvu zoMthi weKrisimesi aziguquguquki ngexesha lokusebenza, okanye azinakuvulwa okanye zivalwe ngokupheleleyo.
• Izisombululo:
• Jonga imeko yokuthambisa yevalvu; yongeza ioyile yokuthambisa ukuba kuyimfuneko.
• Jonga ukuba i-valve ibekwe ngokuchanekileyo na; yifake kwakhona ukuba kuyimfuneko.
• Susa naziphi na izinto ezingaqhelekanga ezingaphakathi kwivalvu ukuqinisekisa ukuba umjelo wayo awuthintelwa.

3. Ukungasebenzi kakuhle kweGauge yoXinzelelo

• Inkcazo yengxaki: Emva kokufakwa, igeyiji yoxinzelelo ayikwazi ukufunda uxinzelelo lwentloko yemithombo ngokuqhelekileyo.
• Izisombululo:
• Jonga ukuba i-pressure gauge ifakwe ngokuchanekileyo na; yifake kwakhona ukuba kuyimfuneko.
• Jonga ukuba igeyiji yoxinzelelo yonakele na; yitshintshe ukuba kuyimfuneko.

V. IsipheloUkufakwa kwezixhobo ze-wellhead yikhonkco eliphambili kwimveliso yeoyile negesi, kwaye ukhuseleko kunye nokuthembeka kwazo kunxulumene ngokuthe ngqo nokusebenza kakuhle kwemveliso kunye nokhuseleko lokusebenza kwendawo yomthombo. Ngexesha lenkqubo yokufaka, imisebenzi kufuneka yenziwe ngokuhambelana neenkqubo ezingqongqo, kujongwa yonke into—ingakumbi ukusebenza kokutywina koqhagamshelo lwe-flange kunye nokuchaneka kokufakwa kwe-blowout preventer (BOP). Kwangaxeshanye, abasebenzi bokwakha kufuneka babe namava amaninzi okusebenza kunye nolwazi ngokhuseleko ukuqinisekisa ukusebenza okuzinzileyo kwexesha elide kwezixhobo ze-wellhead. Ngokwesiqhelo, kufuneka kwenziwe uhlengahlengiso kunye neempawu zokusingqongileyo zendawo ethile yomthombo ukuqinisekisa ukusebenza kakuhle kunye nokhuseleko lomsebenzi wokufakela.

Amanyathelo okusebenza kweValve yeWellhead

Ukusebenza kweValve

Kufuneka kuqatshelwe xa kuvulwa okanye kuvalwa ivalvu. Ezinye iintlobo zeevalvu zixhotyiswe ngephini yokucheba phakathi kwesiphatho kunye nesiqu sevalvu; ukuba kusetyenziswa amandla amaninzi, iphini iya kucheba ukukhusela izinto zangaphakathi zevalvu. Ngaphandle kokuba kukho imeko engxamisekileyo, ivalvu ephambili akufuneki isetyenziswe ukuvala umthombo ohambayo. Iivalvu zeswab okanye iivalvu zamaphiko zihlala zisetyenziswa endaweni yoko. Ngalo lonke ixesha isango levalvu livaliwe emthonjeni ohambayo, isantya sokuhamba kwamanzi equla ngexesha lenkqubo yokuvala siya kubangela ukuguguleka kumphezulu wokuvala. Ukutshintsha isihlalo kunye nesango kwivalvu kulula kwaye kukhuselekile kunokutshintsha ivalvu ephambili kuMthi weKrismesi. Xa uvala ivalvu, qiniseka ukuba ubala inani lokujika kwevalvu. Olu luvavanyo olulumkileyo lokuthintela imitya yezixhobo okanye iintambo ukuba zingabambeki kuMthi weKrismesi ukuba isixhobo sinyukile ngokupheleleyo kwi-lubricator.

I-Hanger yeTyhubhu

I-tubing hanger sisixhobo esixhasa i-production tube ngaphakathi kwentloko yetyhubhu. I-sealing assembly emzimbeni we-tubing hanger inika i-hydraulic seal phakathi kwe-tubing hanger kunye nomzimba wentloko yetyhubhu. Kwiimeko ezininzi, i-tubing hanger yenzelwe intamo ende evala ezantsi kwe-adapter flange, isusa ulwelo lomthombo kwi-annular connection yentloko yetyhubhu nge-valied barrier.

Iprofayili yangaphakathi ye-tubing hanger inika indlela yokufaka i-tubing backpressure valve (BPV). Umzimba oyintloko we-tubing hanger uneendawo zokungena ezihambisa umgca omncinci wolawulo oqhagamshelwe kwi-downhole ball valve. Uqhagamshelo olunemisonto phezulu nasezantsi kwe-tubing hanger luhambelana nomtya we-suspension tube. Ngexesha lokusebenza kwe-wellhead, i-tubing hanger yeyona nto idla ngokuqhekeka kwaye ithathelwe indawo.

Umthi wekrisimusi

Umthi weKrisimesi ludibaniso oluqulunqwe ziivalvu kunye nezixhobo, ezisetyenziselwa ukulawula ukuhamba kwamanzi equleni kunye nokubonelela ngokufikelela kwintambo yetyhubhu okanye umbhobho wokuvelisa. I-adapter flange sisixhumi esikwizantsi loMthi weKrisimesi, esidibana neflange phezulu kwentloko yetyhubhu, kwaye sinobukhulu obufanayo kunye nomlinganiselo woxinzelelo njengeflange yentloko yetyhubhu.

Iprofayili yangaphakathi yale flange yeadaptha ithwala intamo ende yehanger yetyhubhu; kwezinye iidizayini zeflange yeadaptha, iprofayili iya kubandakanya uphawu lwesibini. Ecaleni kweflange esezantsi kukho uthotho lwezinto ezifakelwayo zeeports zovavanyo kunye neeports zomoya. Ezi ports zisetyenziselwa ukwenza ipacker yesibini isebenze kwaye zenze uvavanyo loqhagamshelo lwe-annular phakathi kweeflanges ezimbini zokudibana, uphawu lwe-annular olusezantsi, kunye nepacker yesibini. Ukuze kuhambelane i-port entanyeni yehanger yetyhubhu, i-port eyongezelelweyo isetyenziselwa ukuhambisa ulwelo lomgca wolawulo kwi-valve yokhuseleko ye-downhole. Uqhagamshelo oluphezulu lolwe-valve yokuqala yoMthi weKrisimesi. Kwi-Christmas Tree yohlobo lwe-bolt, i-adapter flange idla ngokuba yinxalenye ebalulekileyo yevalve yoMthi weKrisimesi kwaye ibizwa ngokuba yinxalenye yeyunithi yoMthi weKrisimesi.

Unxibelelwano: Jessie Zhou

Ifowuni/I-Whatsapp:+0086-18109206861

Email: energy@landrilltools.com