Yintoni iValve yoMthi weKrisimesi?

Umthi weKrisimesi odibeneyo yiyunithi edibeneyo apho ivalvu esezantsi, ivalvu eyintloko ephezulu, kunye nevalvu yokufunxa zidityaniswe zibe yindibano enye. Oku kusindisa ixesha lokusebenza kwabaqhubi ngexesha lokufakelwa.

I-Wellheadkunye noMthi weKrisimesi

Intloko yomthombo yinxenye ekwindawo ephezulu yomthombo weoyile okanye wegesi, enika inkxaso yesakhiwo kunye nojongano olunexinzelelo lwezixhobo zokugrumba nezokuvelisa.

Umsebenzi oyintloko wentloko yomthombo kukubonelela ngendawo yokuxhasa kunye nesixhobo sokutywina uxinzelelo kwintambo yesikhongozelo eqala ezantsi komthombo ukuya kwizixhobo zokulawula uxinzelelo lomphezulu.

Ngexesha lokugrumba imithombo, uxinzelelo lomphezulu lulawulwa yiBlowout Preventer (BOP). Ukuba uxinzelelo alulawulwa yikholamu yolwelo lokugrumba ngexesha lokugrumba, i-wellbore, intloko yemithombo, kunye ne-BOP zinokuqhekeka, nto leyo ekhokelela kwisiganeko sokugrumba.

Emva kokuba kugqityiwe ukugrumba, imisebenzi yokugqiba yenziwa ukuze kusekwe unxibelelwano nelitye ledama kunye nokwenza umjelo wokuhamba kolwelo lomthombo. Umthi weKrisimesi ofakwe phezu kwentloko yomthombo uvumela ulawulo loxinzelelo lomphezulu, uqulathe iivalvu zokwahlukanisa kunye neetshiki zokulawula ukuhamba kolwelo lomthombo ngexesha lokuveliswa.

Intloko yomthombo idla ngokudityaniswa kwintambo yokuqala yecasing kwaye iqiniswe endaweni yayo ngexesha lokugrumba, nto leyo eyenza ulwakhiwo olupheleleyo lomthombo. Kwimigodi yokuhlola eza kushiywa kamva, intloko yomthombo ingafunyanwa, ihlaziywe, kwaye isetyenziswe kwakhona.

Iingcango zemithombo ezikwiindawo zokuvelisa ezikude zibizwa ngokuba zii-surface wells; ukuba ziphantsi kwamanzi, zibizwa ngokuba zii-subsea wells okanye ii-mudline wells.

Iinkcukacha zoYilo

Iinkcukacha zoshishino zeenkqubo zeentloko zemithombo (kuquka izixhobo, ubukhulu, iinkqubo zovavanyo, kunye novavanyo loxinzelelo) zezi:

I-API 6A: Inkcazo yeWellhead kunye nezixhobo zomthi

I-ISO 10423: Umgangatho weZixhobo zeMithi kunye neZixhobo zeMithi

Yintoni iValve yoMthi weKrisimesi?

Ivalvu yoMthi weKrisimesi yinkqubo equlathe iivalvu, ii-chokes, iipayipi, kunye nezixhobo, ezibizwa ngokuba zifana nomthi weKrisimesi ohonjisiweyo. Kubalulekile ukugxininisa ukuba ivalvu yoMthi weKrisimesi yahlukile kwintloko yomthombo; isebenza njengebhulorho phakathi kweemeko zomngxuma ongaphantsi komhlaba kunye neemeko zomphezulu. Emva kokuba imveliso iqalile, ezi valve zifakwa phezu kwentloko yomthombo ukuze zilawule kwaye zilawule ukuhamba kolwelo oluveliswayo ngaphandle.

Ezi valves zisebenza kwezinye iinjongo ezininzi, ezinje ngokunciphisa uxinzelelo, ukufaka iikhemikhali, ukujonga izixhobo zokhuseleko, kunye nokudibanisa umbane kwiinkqubo zolawulo. Zisetyenziswa rhoqo kwimithombo yeoyile engaphantsi kolwandle kumaqonga aselunxwemeni nakwimithombo engaphezulu. Olu luhlu lwezinto lubalulekile ekukhutshweni ngokukhuselekileyo kwepetroliyam, igesi yendalo, kunye nezinye izixhobo zamafutha ezingcwatywe nzulu emhlabeni, zibonelela ngeendawo zokudibanisa eziphambili kuzo zonke iinkalo zequla.

Umfanekiso ongentla ubonisa uMthi weKrisimesi olula onezivalo ezintlanu, kodwa iinkqubo zeevalo zoMthi weKrisimesi zihlala zintsonkothile ngakumbi. Uninzi lweevalo zoMthi weKrisimesi zenziwe ngokwezifiso, nto leyo eyenza kube nzima ukuchaza imigaqo ethile yokusebenza yazo zonke iintlobo.

Ivalvu Ephantsi Yenkosi

I-Lower Master Valve yivalvu esetyenziselwa ukulawula ukuhamba kwamanzi ukusuka entloko yomthombo ukuya kwindibano yomthi. Kwiimeko ezininzi, isebenza ngesandla kwaye ihlala ikwimeko ethintelweyo, evulekileyo kancinci ngexesha lokuveliswa.

Ivalvu Ephezulu Eyintloko

I-Upper Master Valve sisixhobo sokhuseleko esisetyenziswa xa i-Lower Master Valve isilela okanye ngexesha lokugcinwa koMthi weKrisimesi. Ngokwesiqhelo yivalvu esebenza kude evala ngokuzenzekelayo xa ifumana isignali yokhuseleko yokuthintela konke ukungena emthini.

Ivalvu yePhiko lokubulala

I-Kill Valve yenye ivalvu esebenza ngesandla kwaye isebenza njengendawo yokudibanisa inaliti. Izinto ezifana nezithinteli zokubola, i-methanol, kunye neefomyula zokuphelelwa ngamanzi emzimbeni zinokufakwa ngale valve. Zikwaziwa njengeevalvu zengalo esecaleni okanye iivalvu zephiko lesibini.

I-Valve yePhiko leMveliso + iValve yokuZihlukanisa

Ivalvu yePhiko loMveliso idla ngokucwangciswa ngama-degrees ali-180 ecaleni kweValve yePhiko loKubulala. Yinto esebenza ngokuzenzekelayo efuna uxinzelelo lwe-hydraulic oluhle ukuze ihlale ivulekile. Ngexesha leengxamiseko okanye ukulungiswa, ithintela ukujova/ukugeleza komthombo kwaye idla ngokudityaniswa ne-choke ukulawula ukuhamba komthombo kunye noxinzelelo ngaphakathi komthombo. Le choke ithathwa njenge "faucet" yokuhamba kwepetroli, nto leyo eyenza ulawulo lokuhamba komthombo lube lubalulekileyo kule nxalenye.

Ivalvu yeSwab + Ikepusi kunye neGauge

I-Swab Valve yenye ivalvu esebenza ngesandla, enika indlela ethe ngqo ethe nkqo yokusebenza kwe-downhole. I-T-Cap kunye ne-pressure gauge zisebenza njengezalathisi ezibonakalayo zokuba yeyiphi ivalvu evulekileyo; umzekelo, ukuba i-kill valve ivuliwe kwaye i-swab valve ivaliwe, i-pressure gauge kufuneka ifunde i-0 psi (akukho xinzelelo), ngelixa ukuba i-production valve ivuliwe kwaye i-swab valve nayo ivuliwe, i-pressure gauge kufuneka ibonise ixabiso elichazwe ngumsebenzisi womthombo. Zingabandakanya nee-digital temperature valves kunye nezinye iinkqubo zokubeka esweni ukuqinisekisa ukhuseleko lwemithombo, njengoko ii-manual valves ezigqithisileyo zishiya indawo yokwenza iimpazamo ebantwini.

Isishwankathelo

Ukukhetha ivalvu yoMthi weKrisimesi akupheleli nje ekuthengeni uphawu okanye ubungakanani obufanelekileyo. Iivalvu zoMthi weKrisimesi zizixhobo ezenzelwe ngokukodwa ezimele zihambelane nazo zonke ezinye iinkqubo ezisetyenziswa ekubholeni, kuquka iimpompo, iinkqubo zolawulo, izixhobo zokhuseleko, kunye nezinye iindawo zomthombo.

Intloko yoMthombo okanye uMthi weKrisimesi? Yintoni umahluko?

Kwishishini leoyile negesi, amagama athi “intloko yenkomo” kunye “nomthi weKrismesi” adla ngokusetyenziswa ngokutshintshana. Nangona kunjalo, intloko yenkomo kunye noMthi weKrismesi zizixhobo ezahlukeneyo ngokupheleleyo. Zombini zibalulekile kwimveliso yeoyile negesi kwaye zixhotyiswe ngeevalvu kunye nezinye izixhobo ukunceda ukulawula nokuhamba kwezinto.

Intloko yomthombo ilawula uxinzelelo ngexesha lokugrumba nokusebenza kwemveliso. Ifumaneka kumphezulu womthombo, phakathi kwekhava kunye nomgangatho werig, inika ukufikelela okukhuselekileyo nokulawulwayo kumthombo osebenzayo. Intloko yomthombo ixhasa ikhava kwaye inika izitywino zoxinzelelo kwintambo yekhava. Ngexesha lokugrumba, ixhasa iBlowout Preventer (BOP); ngexesha lokugqitywa, ixhasa intloko yefrac; kwaye emva kokugqitywa, ixhasa umthi wemveliso. Intloko yomthombo ikhona ngexesha lokugrumba, ukugqitywa, kunye nezigaba zemveliso.

Injongo ephambili yoMthi weKrisimesi kukulawula ukungena nokuphuma kwezixhobo (ngokuqhelekileyo ioyile okanye igesi) ezivela equleni ngexesha lokuveliswa. Emva kokuba inkqubo yokugrumba igqityiwe, uMthi weKrisimesi uthuthwa uye kwindawo uze ufakwe entloko yomthombo. Umthi weKrisimesi uneevalvu ezininzi, ii-nipples, izixhobo zombane, kunye nee-chokes.

Indibano eqhelekileyo yoMthi weKrisimesi ineevalvu ezintlanu zizonke, nganye inomsebenzi othile:

Ivalvu yokubulala:Le valve ifaka ulwelo olufana nokugrumba udaka okanye ityuwa equleni ukulawula uxinzelelo. Isetyenziswa rhoqo ngexesha lokungenelela kwequleni kunye nemisebenzi yokulungisa "ukubulala" iquleni, oko kukuthi, ukulawula uxinzelelo kunye nokuthintela ukuhamba kolwelo.

Ivalvu yeSwab:Ikwindawo ephezulu yoMthi weKrisimesi, ivalvu yeswab inika ukufikelela equleni ukuze kusetyenziswe intambo okanye iityhubhu ezijijekileyo. Oku kwenza ukuba kungenelele, kugcinwe, okanye kugawulwe iqule ngaphandle kokubulala iqule. Idlala indima ebalulekileyo ekugcinweni nasekusombululeni iingxaki.

Ivalvu yePhiko leMveliso:Le valve ilawula ukuhamba kweoyile negesi ukusuka emthonjeni ukuya kwiindawo zokuvelisa. Ingavulwa okanye ivalwe ukuqala okanye ukuyeka ukuvelisa kwaye ikwasetyenziselwa ukulawula ukuhamba kwamanzi ukuphucula imveliso okanye ukulawula iingxaki ezinokubakho ezifana nokuveliswa kwesanti.

Ivalvu Eyintloko Ephezulu:I-Upper Master Valve yenye yeevalvu eziphambili zokwahlulahlula, ezikwaziyo ukuvala ngokupheleleyo ukuhamba komthombo. Ihlala isetyenziswa kwiimeko ezingxamisekileyo ukunqanda ngokukhawuleza nangokufanelekileyo ukuhamba kweoyile negesi, ibonelela ngokhuseleko olubalulekileyo kukhuseleko kunye nolondolozo lokusingqongileyo.

Ivalvu Eyintloko Esezantsi:I-Lower Master Valve yenye ivalvu yokuzihlukanisa eyintloko, esebenza ngendlela efanayo ne-Upper Master Valve. Ibonelela ngokungafunekiyo, ukuqinisekisa ukuba ivalvu yokuxhasa iyafumaneka ukuze ivalwe equleni ukuba i-Upper Master Valve iyasilela nangasiphi na isizathu. Ukuba ne-Upper Master Valve kunye ne-Lower Master Valve kunika abaqhubi ukuguquguquka okukhulu kunye namanyathelo okhuseleko aphuculweyo.

Ezi zinto zisebenza kunye ukulawula uxinzelelo, ukulawula ukuhamba kwamanzi, kunye nokubonelela ngokufikelela kwi-wellbore ngexesha lokugqitywa kunye nezigaba zemveliso. Igama layo livela kukufana kwayo nomthi weKrisimesi ohonjisiweyo. Esi sixhobo sibalulekileyo sidlala indima ebalulekileyo kwimisebenzi yokuhla komgodi, ukunciphisa uxinzelelo, ukufaka iikhemikhali, ukujonga imithombo, ukwakheka nokuhamba kwamanzi kunye nesantya, kunye nempendulo yevalvu kunye nendawo yokuminxa.

Zisetyenziswa njani izitywina ze-S-Type kunye ne-FS-Type kwiWellheads nakwiMithi yeKrismesi?

Izitywini ze-S-Type kunye ne-FS-Type ezenziwe ngokuchanekileyo ezenziwe yi-CDI zinezipringi ezichasene nokukhupha ezilungele uluhlu oluphezulu loxinzelelo kunye nobushushu obubanzi. Izitywini ze-S-Type kunye ne-FS-Type zibonelela ngokumelana okuphezulu kokukhupha kwiindawo zokutywina ezifuna uxinzelelo oluphezulu (HPHT). Izitywini zethu ze-S-Type zaziwa njengezitshintshi eziphambili ze-T-seals zemveli ezineziqwenga ezintathu okanye ii-O-rings ezinee-back-ups. Izipringi ze-Metal girdle zihlanganiswe kwizinto zokutywina ze-elastomeric ezenzelwe ngokukodwa. Oku kuzenza zikwazi ukumelana nezikhewu ezinkulu zokukhupha (ukuya kuthi ga kwi-intshi eziyi-0.125). Izitywini ze-FS-Type zisetyenziswa kwizicelo ezinezikhewu ezinkulu zokukhupha okanye apho ububanzi bezixhobo bunokungalingani, zisebenza njengendlela eyahlukileyo yezitywini ze-S-Type. Izitywini ze-FS-Type zidibanisa izipringi ze-metal girdle kunye nezinto zokutywina ze-elastomeric ezenzelwe ngokukodwa. Olu yilo lunokuvala iindawo ezifuna ukuphambuka okuphezulu kokuvala ukuze kulungiswe umahluko kwiipayipi, ii-casings, okanye izinto ezinobubanzi obukhulu. Itywina le-FS sisitywina sobubanzi bangaphakathi esinecandelo elibanzi elibanzi, elisetyenziselwa izikhewu ezinkulu zokukhupha kunye neendawo ezirhabaxa zekhava.

I-CDI ivelisa izitywino ze-S-Type kunye ne-FS-Type ezikumgangatho ophezulu ezenziwe ngokwezifiso nezisemgangathweni zoshishino zisebenzisa izixhobo zeNitrile Rubber (NBR), Hydrogenated Nitrile Rubber (HNBR), kunye neFluoroelastomer (FKM) ukuhlangabezana neemfuno ezizodwa zokutywina zabathengi, ezibabonelela ngokukhawuleza kulo lonke ixesha leshishini labo.

Umthi weKrisimesi okanye iNdibano yeWellhead?

Umthi weKrisimesi ludibaniso lweevalvu, ii-nipples, kunye nezixhobo ezisetyenziselwa imigodi yeoyile, imigodi yegesi, imigodi yokujova amanzi, imigodi yokulahla inkunkuma, imigodi yokujova igesi, imigodi yokucola amanzi, kunye nezinye iintlobo zemigodi. Ufumana igama lawo ngenxa yokufana kwawo nomthi weKrisimesi ohonjisiweyo.

Amaxesha amaninzi, amagama athi “intloko yengca” kunye “nomthi weKrismesi” asetyenziswa ngokutshintshana; nangona kunjalo, zizixhobo ezahluke ngokupheleleyo. Ukuze usebenzise umthi weKrismesi, kufuneka kubekho intloko yengca; nangona kunjalo, intloko yengca ingabakho ngaphandle komthi weKrismesi ngexesha lokugrumba. Ukuvelisa imingxuma engaphezulu efuna iimpompo (iiyunithi zokupompa, iidonki ezinqwala, njl.njl.) ngokwesiqhelo azisebenzisi mthi weKrismesi kuba akukho mfuneko yokuvala uxinzelelo.

Kwiminyaka embalwa edlulileyo, ubunzima bee-manifolds zemithi buye banda. Zihlala zenziwe ngeebhloko zentsimbi ezineevalvu ezininzi endaweni yokuba zihlanganiswe ngeevalvu ezininzi ezine-flanged.

Umsebenzi oyintloko womthi kukulawula ukungena okanye ukuphuma kolwelo, ngesiqhelo ioyile okanye igesi.

Imithi yeKrismesi idla ngokubonelela ngemisebenzi eyahlukeneyo eyongezelelweyo, kuquka iindawo zokufaka iikhemikhali, iindlela zokusebenza emngxunyeni ongaphantsi komhlaba, iindlela zokunciphisa uxinzelelo (ezifana nokukhupha umoya), kunye neendawo zokudibanisa umthi kunye nokubeka iliso emthonjeni (umz., uqhagamshelo lwezixhobo zokulinganisa uxinzelelo, ubushushu, ukugqwala, ukukhukuliseka, ukufunyanwa kwesanti, ukuhamba kwamanzi, ukwakheka kolwelo, impendulo yevalvu kunye nendawo yokuminxa, iiSensors zoxinzelelo kunye nobushushu bomngxunya ongaphantsi komhlaba (DHPT), njl.njl.).

Yintoni Injongo Yokuhlanganiswa Kweentloko Zeengca?

Kwimithombo yokuvelisa, iikhemikhali, iialcohol, okanye ii-petroleum distillates zinokufakwa ukuthintela kunye/okanye ukusombulula iingxaki zemveliso (ezifana nokuvaleka). I-wellhead assembly ikwasetyenziselwa ukulawula i-gas injection okanye i-water injection kwimithombo yokuvelisa okanye engaveliyo ukugcina amanqanaba "emveliso" yezoqoqosho kwezinye iimithombo kwindawo (indawo yeoyile). Inkqubo yolawulo eqhagamshelwe kwi-wellhead assembly ilawula i-Downhole Safety Valve (SCSSV), ngelixa i-wellhead assembly isebenza njengonxibelelwano kunye nomjelo phakathi kwenkqubo yokulawula kunye ne-SCSSV.

Njengoko ubona, nakulo mzobo weKrismesi, kukho iivalvu ezintlanu. ZiyiChoke Wing Valve, Swab Valve, Production Wing Valve, Upper Master Valve, kunye neLower Master Valve. Xa abaqhubi, umthombo, kunye nezakhiwo zilungele ukuvelisa nokufumana ioyile okanye igesi, iivalvu ziyavuleka, zivumela ulwelo lokwenziwa ukuba lungene kwaye ludlule kwiipayipi. Ukuqonda indawo ezi valve kunye nendima yazo ekuthuthweni kwegesi yendalo ukusuka kwi-wellbore ukuya kumthengi kubalulekile.

Iinkcazo zeCandelo

Iivalvu ezimbini ezisezantsi zibizwa ngokuba ziiMaster Valve (eziPhezulu nezisezantsi) kuba zikwindlela yokuhamba kwamanzi ekufuneka amanzi omthombo adlule kuyo ukuze afikelele kumphezulu.

I-Lower Master Valve idla ngokusebenza ngesandla, ngelixa i-Upper Master Valve idla ngokusebenza nge-hydraulically.

Iivalvu zamaphiko zeHydraulic Christmas Tree zihlala zenziwe ngendlela yokuba zivalwe ngendlela ekhuselekileyo, oko kuthetha ukuba zifuna uxinzelelo oluqhubekayo lwehydraulic ukuze zihlale zivulekile.

Ivalvu ekwicala lasekunene idla ngokubizwa ngokuba yiVeluvu yePhiko loMveliso okanye iVelvu yePhiko loMbane, njengoko ikwindlela yokuhamba ekhokelela kwizixhobo zokuvelisa.

Ivalvu ekwicala lasekhohlo idla ngokubizwa ngokuba yiChoke Wing Valve. Isetyenziswa kakhulu ekufakeni ulwelo olufana nezithinteli zokubola okanye i-methanol ukuthintela ukwakheka kwe-hydrate.

Ivalvu ephezulu ibizwa ngokuba yiSwab Valve, ekwindlela esetyenziselwa imisebenzi ye-downhole efana nemisebenzi ye-wireline kunye ne-coiled tube. I-"Choke" sisixhobo esinokulungiswa okanye sihlengahlengiswe, esisetyenziselwa:

Ukulawula ukuhamba kwegesi, okwaziwa ngokuba yivolumu; okanye

Ukudala uxinzelelo olusezantsi, olukwaziwa ngokuba luxinzelelo olungasemva.

Siyathemba ukuba oku kuya kukunceda uqonde ngcono umahluko phakathi kwentloko yentloko kunye noMthi weKrisimesi. Nangona kunjalo, ukuba unemibuzo, nceda uzive ukhululekile ukunxibelelana nathi.

Unxibelelwano: Jessie Zhou

Ifowuni/I-Whatsapp:+0086-18109206861

Email: energy@landrilltools.com