Yintoni Okufanele Uyiqaphele Kwimisebenzi Yokuloba Ngeetyhubhu EzineGrisi?

Kwishishini leoyile negesi, ukuloba iityhubhu ezibolileyo ngumsebenzi obalulekileyo kodwa onzima. Njengoko iityhubhu zihlala ziwohloka ngenxa yezinto ezifana neendawo ezingaphantsi komhlaba ezinzima, iimpembelelo zeekhemikhali kunye nolwelo, kunye neenkqubo ze-electrochemical, ukuqina kwayo kuyancipha, okukhokelela ekwaphukeni nasekuweni ngaphakathi kwe-wellbore. Xa kuqhutywa imisebenzi yokuloba iityhubhu ezibolileyo, ezi zinto zilandelayo zifuna ingqwalasela ekhethekileyo:

1. Uvavanyo lweMeko yokuDownhole echanekileyo

 Ngaphambi kokuba kuqhutywe ukuloba, kubalulekile ukuqonda imeko yomgodi ongaphantsi komhlaba. Oku kuquka ukumisela ngokuchanekileyo indawo kunye nobungakanani bokugqwala kwemibhobho, imilo kunye nemeko yentlanzi (imibhobho ewileyo), kunye nesizathu sokubanjwa kwayo. Iindlela zokuloba eziphambili ezifana ne-ultrasound imaging kunye ne-magnetic resonance imaging zingasetyenziswa ukufumana ulwazi oluneenkcukacha malunga nendawo yomgodi ongaphantsi komhlaba. Umzekelo, eTahe Oilfield, ngenxa yeemeko ezinzima zomgodi ongaphantsi komhlaba ezinamaqondo obushushu aphezulu, uxinzelelo oluphezulu, kunye nolwelo olugqwalisayo, uvavanyo olupheleleyo lwangaphambi kokwenziwa komsebenzi luyimfuneko ukuze kwenziwe isicwangciso sokuloba esisebenzayo. Ukuqonda okungalunganga okanye okunganelanga imeko yomgodi ongaphantsi komhlaba kunokukhokelela ekukhetheni izixhobo kunye neendlela zokuloba ezingafanelekanga, okwandisa ubunzima bomsebenzi.

2. IfanelekileIsixhobo SokulobaUkhetho

Ngenxa yobuthathaka beetyhubhu ezibolileyo, ukukhetha izixhobo zokuloba kubaluleke kakhulu. Izixhobo ezibukhali kakhulu zingonakalisa ngakumbi iityhubhu ezibuthathaka. Umzekelo, xa udonga lweetyhubhu luncitshiswa kakhulu kukubola, ukusebenzisa isixhobo esinamandla okubamba kakhulu kunokubangela ukuba iityhubhu ziqhekeke zibe ziingceba ezininzi. Endaweni yoko, izixhobo ezineendlela zokubamba ezithambileyo, ezifana nemikhonto yokuloba enokutsalwa ngee-elastic slip okanye iimbiza zokuloba ezinemiphezulu yokubamba eneerabha, zifanelekile ngakumbi. Kwezinye iimeko apho intlanzi inesimo esingalinganiyo, izixhobo zokuloba ezenzelwe wena okanye ezizodwa zinokufuneka. Umzekelo, kwiityhubhu ezinemiphezulu engaqhelekanga yokuqhekeka, indibaniselwano yeisixhobo sokugayaUkunciphisa ukwaphuka kunye nesixhobo esifanelekileyo sokubamba ukuze kuthathwe kwakhona kungafuneka

3. Ulawulo lweParamitha yoSebenzo oluSimahla

Ngexesha lenkqubo yokuloba, ulawulo oluqinileyo lweeparameter zokusebenza lubalulekile. Oku kubandakanya izinto ezilawulayo ezifana nobunzima kwi-bit (WOB), isantya sokujikeleza, kunye namandla okutsala. I-WOB kufuneka igcinwe kwinqanaba eliphantsi, ngokuqhelekileyo ingadluli kwi-5 kN, ukuze kuthintelwe ukugqithisa ityhubhu ebolileyo kwaye ibangele ukuba iqhekeke. Isantya sokujikeleza kufuneka sicothe, ngokuqhelekileyo singaphantsi kwe-30 r/min, ukuthintela i-torque egqithisileyo ekonakaliseni ityhubhu. Ukongeza, xa usebenzisa amandla okutsala ukuze ufumane intlanzi, kufuneka kwenziwe kancinci kancinci nangononophelo. Ukutsala ngequbuliso okanye ngokugqithisileyo kunokukhokelela ekuqhekekeni kwetyhubhu okanye ekutsalweni ngaphandle kwesixhobo. Kwimeko yequla le-SZ 36 – 1A kwiBohai Oilfield, ulawulo oluchanekileyo lwale parameters lwalubalulekile ekufumaneni ngempumelelo ityhubhu ebolileyo kunye ne-scale – sticked.

4. Ukubeka esweni ngexesha langempela kunye nokuguquguquka

Ukubeka esweni rhoqo umsebenzi wokuloba ngexesha langempela kubalulekile. Ukubeka esweni iiparameter ezifana ne-torque yesixhobo, amandla okutsala, kunye neempawu zolwelo oluphuma emzileni kunokubonelela ngempendulo kwangoko kwinkqubela yomsebenzi. Naluphi na utshintsho olungaqhelekanga kwezi parameter, njengokwehla ngequbuliso kwamandla okutsala (okubonisa ukuba kunokwenzeka ukuba iityhubhu ziqhekeke) okanye ukunyuka okukhulu kwe-torque (okubonisa ukuxinana kwezixhobo okanye ukuxinana kweetyhubhu), kufuneka kubangele ukuba umsebenzi uyeke ngoko nangoko. Kule ndawo, imeko kufuneka ihlolwe kwakhona, kwaye kufuneka kwenziwe uhlengahlengiso olufanelekileyo kwisicwangciso sokuloba, njengokutshintsha isixhobo okanye ukuguqula iiparameter zokusebenza. Umzekelo, ukuba ukubeka esweni kubonisa ukuba i-torque iyanda ngokuthe chu ngexesha lenkqubo yokuloba, kunokufuneka ukunciphisa isantya sokujikeleza okanye ukulungisa kancinci indawo yesixhobo ukuze kuthintelwe ukubhajwa.

5. Ukuthintela Umonakalo Wesibini

Ukuphepha umonakalo wesibini kwi-wellboar kunye ne-tube eseleyo yeyona nto iphambili. Ngexesha lokuloba, kufuneka kuthathwe unonophelo lokuba ungakrweli okanye wonakalise i-casing ngelixa ukhupha i-tube ebolileyo. Ukusebenzisa izixhobo ezineendlela ezifanelekileyo zokulawula nezokukhusela, ezifana ne-centralizers, kunokunceda ukuqinisekisa ukuba isixhobo sokuloba sihamba kakuhle kwi-wellboar ngaphandle kokungqubana ne-casing. Ukongeza, xa usika okanye usika i-tube ebolileyo (ukuba kuyimfuneko), kufuneka kuthathwe amanyathelo okuthintela inkunkuma ukuba ingawuvali umngxuma okanye ibangele umonakalo kwezinye izixhobo ezingaphantsi komhlaba. Oku kunokubandakanya ukusebenzisa ulwelo olufanelekileyo lokucoca i-wellboar kunye nokuqinisekisa ukuhamba kakuhle kolwelo ukuze kuthwalwe inkunkuma.

6. Ulawulo lwe-Wellbore Fluid

Ulwelo lwe-wellbore ludlala indima ebalulekileyo kumsebenzi wokuloba. Aluncedi nje kuphela ekupholiseni nasekuthambiseni izixhobo zokuloba kodwa lukwachaphazela ukuthembeka kwemibhobho ebolileyo kunye ne-wellbore. Kwezinye iimeko, ulwelo lwe-wellbore lunokufuneka lulungiswe okanye luphathwe. Umzekelo, ukuba ulwelo lunezinto ezibolileyo ezinokonakalisa ngakumbi imibhobho eseleyo okanye izixhobo zokuloba, kunokongezwa izithinteli zokubola. Kwiimeko apho kukho ubungakanani obukhulu besikali okanye inkunkuma kwi-wellbore, ulwelo olufanelekileyo lokucoca okanye ulwelo olunamandla okuthwala aphuculweyo lunokufuneka ukuze kususwe ngokufanelekileyo ukungcola nokuqinisekisa ukusebenza kakuhle kokuloba. Kwinkqubo yokuloba imibhobho ebolileyo kwamanye amaqula, ulwelo lwe-wellbore lulungiswe ngexesha elifanelekileyo, nto leyo eyaphucula ukusebenza kakuhle komsebenzi kwaye yanciphisa umngcipheko wokunamathela kwezixhobo.

Ukuqukumbela, imisebenzi yokuloba ngemibhobho ebolileyo ifuna ubuchule obuphezulu bobuchwephesha, ucwangciso olucokisekileyo, kunye nokuphunyezwa ngokungqongqo. Ngokunika ingqalelo kwezi nkalo ziphambili, izinga lempumelelo kwimisebenzi yokuloba linokuphuculwa kakhulu, kuncitshiswe impembelelo kwimveliso yeoyile negesi kwaye kuncitshiswe ilahleko enokubakho kwezoqoqosho.

Qhagamshelana: May Ye

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